GATE Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) Syllabus

GATE DA covers probability and statistics, linear algebra, calculus and optimisation, programming and data structures, database management, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, plus the common general aptitude section.

8 subjects · 57 topics · 363 subtopics

General Aptitude

Verbal Aptitude

  • English Grammar (Tenses, Articles, Prepositions, Conjunctions)
  • Verb-Noun Agreement & Parts of Speech
  • Vocabulary (Words, Idioms, Phrases in Context)
  • Reading Comprehension
  • Narrative Sequencing

Quantitative Aptitude

  • Data Interpretation (Bar, Pie, Graphs, Tables)
  • Ratios, Percentages, Powers, Exponents & Logarithms
  • Permutations & Combinations
  • Series
  • Mensuration & Geometry
  • Elementary Statistics & Probability
  • Simple & Compound Interest
  • Alligation & Mixture
  • Partnership
  • Time & Work

Analytical Aptitude

  • Deduction & Induction
  • Analogy
  • Numerical Relations & Reasoning

Spatial Aptitude

  • Transformation of Shapes (Translation, Rotation, Scaling, Mirroring)
  • Paper Folding, Cutting & Patterns
  • 2D & 3D Patterns

Probability & Statistics

Counting

  • Factorials
  • Permutations
  • Combinations
  • Binomial Theorem
  • Multinomial Theorem
  • Inclusion-Exclusion (PIE)
  • Seating Arrangements
  • Circular Arrangements
  • Derangements

Probability

  • Sample Space & Events
  • Probability Axioms
  • Conditional Probability
  • Multiplication Theorem
  • Independent Events
  • Mutually Exclusive Events
  • Marginal Probability
  • Joint Probability
  • Total Probability
  • Bayes' Theorem

Descriptive Statistics

  • Mean
  • Mode
  • Median
  • Skewness
  • Kurtosis
  • Range
  • Interquartile Range
  • Variance
  • Standard Deviation
  • Covariance
  • Correlation

Discrete Random Variables

  • PMF
  • CDF (Discrete)
  • Expectation (Discrete)
  • Variance (Discrete)
  • Conditional Distributions (Discrete)
  • Conditional Expectation
  • Conditional Variance
  • Covariance of RVs
  • Joint PMF
  • Joint CDF (Discrete)
  • Independent RVs (Discrete)
  • Discrete Uniform
  • Bernoulli
  • Binomial
  • Poisson

Continuous Random Variables

  • PDF
  • CDF (Continuous)
  • Expectation (Continuous)
  • Variance (Continuous)
  • Conditional PDF
  • Conditional Distributions (Continuous)
  • Conditional Expectation (Continuous)
  • Conditional Variance (Continuous)
  • Covariance (Continuous)
  • Joint PDF
  • Joint CDF (Continuous)
  • Independent RVs (Continuous)
  • Uniform (Continuous)
  • Exponential
  • Normal
  • Standard Normal
  • Standardization & z-Score

Statistical Inference

  • Markov's Inequality
  • Chebyshev's Inequality
  • Central Limit Theorem
  • Sample Mean
  • Sample Variance
  • Point Estimation
  • Confidence Intervals
  • Hypothesis Testing
  • z-Test
  • t-Test
  • Chi-Square Test
  • t-Distribution
  • Chi-Squared Distribution
  • Sampling Distributions

Calculus & Optimization

Functions

  • Standard Functions
  • Odd & Even Functions
  • Types of Functions
  • Inverse Functions

Limits

  • Limits
  • Standard Limits
  • Limit Laws

Continuity & Differentiability

  • Continuity
  • Differentiability
  • Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
  • L'Hôpital's Rule
  • Mean Value Theorem
  • Differentiation

Taylor Series

  • Taylor Series Theorem
  • Taylor Series of Standard Functions
  • Ratio Test

Maxima, Minima & Optimization

  • Maxima & Minima
  • Single Variable Optimization

Linear Algebra

Matrix Algebra

  • Scalars, Vectors, Matrices & Tensors
  • Types of Matrices
  • Matrix Addition & Subtraction
  • Scalar Multiplication
  • Matrix Multiplication & Conformability
  • Transpose
  • Symmetric & Skew-Symmetric
  • Idempotent, Involutory & Nilpotent
  • Orthogonal & Partitioned Matrices
  • Periodic Matrices
  • Trace of a Matrix

Vector Algebra

  • Vector Notation & Operations
  • Dot Product
  • Angle Between Vectors
  • Orthogonality
  • Norms (L1, L2, Lp, Max)
  • Euclidean Distance & Metrics
  • Projection of Vectors
  • Projection Matrix

Vector Spaces, Basis & Dimensions

  • Vector Spaces
  • Subspaces
  • Linear Combinations
  • Span
  • Linear Independence & Dependence
  • Basis & Dimension
  • Rank of a Matrix

Systems of Linear Equations

  • Homogeneous Systems
  • Non-Homogeneous Systems
  • Nullity
  • Rank-Nullity Theorem
  • Gaussian Elimination
  • Echelon Forms
  • Gauss-Jordan Elimination
  • Inverse of a Matrix

Orthogonality & Projections

  • Orthogonal Subspaces
  • Four Fundamental Subspaces
  • Projections & Least Squares
  • Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization
  • Orthogonal Matrices
  • QR Decomposition

LU Decomposition & Determinants

  • LU Decomposition
  • Determinant Calculation
  • Determinant Properties
  • Vector & Matrix Transformations
  • Matrix of a Linear Map

Eigenvalues & Eigenvectors

  • Eigenvalue Computation
  • Eigenvector Computation
  • Diagonalization
  • Defective Matrices
  • Properties of Eigenspaces
  • Symmetric Matrices
  • Quadratic Forms
  • Positive Definite Matrices
  • Spectral Theorem

Singular Value Decomposition

  • SVD Formulation
  • Singular Values
  • Low-Rank Approximation
  • Applications of SVD

Programming, Data Structures & Algorithms

Python Syntax & I/O

  • Tokens & Operators
  • Data Types & Expressions
  • Input & Output
  • Variables & Memory Management
  • Operator Precedence

Data Types & Control Statements

  • Conditional Statements
  • Loops (for, while)
  • Strings
  • Lists
  • Tuples
  • Sets
  • Dictionaries

Functions, File & Error Handling

  • Functions
  • Recursion
  • Lambda, Map & Filter
  • Comprehensions (List, Dict, Set)
  • Built-in Functions & Libraries
  • File Handling
  • Error & Exception Handling

Stacks & Queues

  • Stack Operations & Applications
  • Queue Operations & Applications

Linked Lists & Hashing

  • Singly Linked Lists
  • Doubly Linked Lists
  • Circular Linked Lists
  • Hashing & Hash Tables
  • Collision Handling

Complexity Analysis

  • Time Complexity
  • Space Complexity
  • Best, Average & Worst Case

Searching & Sorting

  • Linear Search
  • Binary Search
  • Selection Sort
  • Bubble Sort
  • Insertion Sort

Divide & Conquer

  • Divide & Conquer Strategy
  • Merge Sort
  • Quick Sort
  • Recurrence of Merge & Quick Sort

Trees

  • Tree Properties
  • Binary Tree Traversals
  • BST (Insert, Search, Delete)
  • AVL Trees

Graphs

  • Graph Terminology
  • Graph Traversals (BFS, DFS)
  • BFS Shortest Path
  • Dijkstra's Algorithm
  • Bellman-Ford Algorithm
  • Topological Sort
  • MST (Prim's, Kruskal's)

Machine Learning

Regression

  • Simple Linear Regression
  • Multiple Linear Regression
  • Lasso Regression
  • Ridge Regression
  • Regression Error Metrics

Classification

  • Confusion Matrix & Metrics
  • Classification Error Metrics
  • k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN)
  • Naive Bayes Classifier
  • Logistic Regression

Decision Trees & Ensembling

  • Gini Index
  • Information Gain
  • Decision Tree Construction
  • Pruning
  • Bagging
  • Random Forests
  • Boosting

Clustering

  • k-Means Clustering
  • k-Medoids Clustering
  • Hierarchical Clustering
  • Single & Multiple Linkage
  • Agglomerative Clustering
  • Divisive Clustering
  • Clustering Evaluation

Model Evaluation & Validation

  • Regularization & Over/Underfitting
  • Bias-Variance Trade-off
  • Holdout Validation
  • Leave-One-Out CV
  • k-Fold CV
  • Stratified k-Fold CV
  • Model Selection
  • Nested Cross-Validation

Neural Networks

  • Artificial Neural Networks
  • Activation Functions
  • Loss Functions
  • Feed-Forward Networks
  • Multi-Layer Perceptron
  • Gradient Descent
  • Backpropagation

Dimensionality Reduction

  • Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
  • Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA)
  • LDA for Classification

Support Vector Machines

  • SVM Theory
  • Soft Margin Classifier
  • Kernel Methods

Database Management & Warehousing

ER Model

  • ER Model Concepts
  • Attributes
  • Relationships
  • Weak & Strong Entities
  • ER Diagrams

Relational Model

  • Relational Model Concepts
  • Tuples
  • Domain Constraints
  • Key Constraints
  • Integrity Constraints
  • Entity Integrity
  • Keys & Super Keys

ER to Relational Mapping

  • Conversion Rules & Techniques

Normalization

  • Functional Dependencies
  • Candidate & Super Keys
  • Minimal Cover
  • Lossless Decomposition
  • Dependency Preservation
  • 1NF, 2NF, 3NF
  • BCNF

Relational Algebra

  • Selection & Projection
  • Rename Operation
  • Set Operations
  • Join & Division
  • Extended Operations
  • Relational Calculus (TRC)

SQL

  • CRUD Operations
  • Views
  • ALTER Command
  • Arithmetic Operations
  • Aggregate Functions
  • Filtering, Grouping & Nested Queries
  • Joins

File Organization & Indexing

  • File Organization
  • Records
  • Primary Indexing
  • Secondary Indexing
  • Clustering Indexing
  • B Trees
  • B+ Trees

Data Mining

  • Data Types
  • Similarity Measures
  • Data Preprocessing
  • Data Normalization
  • Discretization
  • Lossless & Lossy Compression
  • Sampling

Data Warehousing

  • Warehouse Architecture
  • Data Marts & Lakes
  • Warehouse Modelling
  • Data Cube
  • Multidimensional Schemas
  • Concept Hierarchies
  • Measure Types
  • Cube Measure Computation
  • OLAP Operations
  • OLAP Indexing
  • Cube Storage

Artificial Intelligence

Uninformed Search

  • Breadth-First Search (BFS)
  • Depth-First Search (DFS)
  • Depth-Limited Search
  • Iterative Deepening
  • Uniform Cost Search
  • Bidirectional Search

Informed Search

  • Best-First Search
  • Greedy Best-First Search
  • A* Search
  • A* Admissibility & Consistency
  • Iterative Deepening A*
  • Weighted A*
  • AND/OR Graph
  • AO* Search

Local Search

  • Hill Climbing
  • Simulated Annealing
  • Genetic Algorithms

Adversarial Search

  • Game Theory
  • Minimax Search
  • Alpha-Beta Pruning
  • Heuristic Alpha-Beta Search
  • Monte Carlo Tree Search

Propositional Logic

  • Logical Connectives
  • Logical Equivalence
  • Propositional Inference
  • Propositional Resolution

Predicate Logic

  • First-Order Predicate Logic
  • Predicate Inference
  • Unification
  • Predicate Resolution
  • Translations

Uncertainty

  • Bayesian Networks
  • Conditional Independence
  • d-Separation
  • Bayesian Network Inference
  • Variable Elimination
  • Approximate Inference
  • Sampling-Based Inference

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