GATE ME 2026 Set 1 — Question 28
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Thermodynamics → Laws & Properties → Second Law Statements
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Question
For the isothermal expansion of an ideal gas in a piston cylinder system, the net heat supplied during the process is equal to the net work. Which one of the following statements is correct for the given process?
Correct answer
(A) The process is possible.
Solution
For an ideal gas, the internal energy is a function of temperature only (). In an isothermal process, the temperature remains constant (), which implies that the change in internal energy is zero (). According to the First Law of Thermodynamics for a non-flow process:Since , we have:This means the net heat supplied is equal to the net work done. This process is entirely possible and does not violate the Second Law of Thermodynamics (Kelvin-Planck statement) because the Kelvin-Planck statement applies to a cyclic process converting heat into work, not a single expansion process. Thus, option (A) is correct.
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