GATE CE 2019 Set 2 — Question 20

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MCQ+1 / -0.33EasypH, Turbidity, Hardness & AlkalinityWater QualityEnvironmental Engineering

Environmental Engineering → Water Quality → pH, Turbidity, Hardness & Alkalinity

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Question

Analysis of a water sample revealed that the sample contains the following species.
CO32,Na+,H+,PO43,Al3+,H2CO3,Cl,Ca2+,Mg2+,HCO3,Fe2+,OHCO_3^{2-}, Na^+, H^+, PO_4^{3-}, Al^{3+}, H_2CO_3, Cl^-, Ca^{2+}, Mg^{2+}, HCO_3^-, Fe^{2+}, OH^-
Concentrations of which of the species will be required to compute alkalinity?
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