GATE CE 2023 Set 2 — Question 45
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Environmental Engineering → Air Pollution → Impacts of Air Pollutants
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Question
Match the following air pollutants with the most appropriate adverse health effects:
| Air pollutant | Health effect to human and/or test animal |
|---|---|
| (P) Aromatic hydrocarbons | (I) Reduce the capability of the blood to carry oxygen |
| (Q) Carbon monoxide | (II) Bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema |
| (R) Sulfur oxides | (III) Damage of chromosomes |
| (S) Ozone | (IV) Carcinogenic effect |
Correct answer
(D) (P) – (IV), (Q) – (I), (R) – (II), (S) – (III)
Solution
Matching the pollutants to their health effects:
- (P) Aromatic hydrocarbons: Many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known to have (IV) Carcinogenic effects (e.g., Benzene).
- (Q) Carbon monoxide: CO binds with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which (I) Reduces the capability of the blood to carry oxygen.
- (R) Sulfur oxides: are respiratory irritants that can lead to (II) Bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema.
- (S) Ozone: High concentrations of ground-level ozone are known to cause oxidative stress and can lead to (III) Damage of chromosomes in test animals.
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