GATE CE 2023 Set 2 — Question 48
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Environmental Engineering → Drinking Water Treatment → Chemical Parameters
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Question
In the context of water and wastewater treatments, the correct statements are:
Correct answer
(A) particulate matter may shield microorganisms during disinfection; (C) phosphorous stimulates algal and aquatic growth; (D) calcium and magnesium increase hardness and total dissolved solids
Solution
1.Statement (A): Turbidity or particulate matter in water can harbor and physically shield pathogens from disinfectants like chlorine, reducing the efficiency of the disinfection process. Thus, (A) is correct.
2.Statement (B): Ammonia reacts with chlorine to form chloramines (combined residual). This process consumes chlorine, thereby increasing the total chlorine demand required to reach the breakpoint and establish a free chlorine residual. Thus, (B) is incorrect.
3.Statement (C): Phosphorus is often the limiting nutrient in freshwater systems. Its addition stimulates the growth of algae and other aquatic plants, potentially leading to eutrophication. Thus, (C) is correct.
4.Statement (D): Hardness is defined as the concentration of multivalent metallic cations, primarily and . These ions also contribute to the total dissolved solids (TDS) measurement. Thus, (D) is correct.
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