GATE EC 2024 Set 1 — Question 25
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Engineering Mathematics → Vector Calculus → Gauss, Stokes & Green's Theorems
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Question
Let and represent density and velocity, respectively, at a point and time . Assume is continuous. Let be an arbitrary volume in space enclosed by the closed surface and be the outward unit normal of . Which of the following equations is/are equivalent to ?
Correct answer
(A) ∫_V (∂ ρ)/(∂ t) dv = -_S ρ u · n ds; (C) ∫_V (∂ ρ)/(∂ t) dv = -∫_V · (ρ u) dv
Solution
The given equation is the continuity equation:This can be rewritten as:Integrating both sides over an arbitrary volume :This matches option (C).Now, applying the Divergence Theorem (Gauss's Theorem), which states that for a vector field and a volume enclosed by a surface with outward unit normal :In our case, . So, we can substitute this into the integrated equation:This matches option (A).Therefore, both options (A) and (C) are equivalent to the given equation.
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