GATE EE 2026 Set 1 — Question 22
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Electrical Machines → Synchronous Machines → V-Curves
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Question
The figure shows the single-line diagram of a synchronous generator delivering of power at unity power factor to an infinite bus.
denotes the stator current phasor. If the field excitation is increased, which one of the following options correctly describes its effect on the stator current, power factor, and load angle of the machine?
Correct answer
(C) Stator current increases, power factor becomes lagging, load angle decreases
Solution
For a synchronous generator connected to an infinite bus, the real power delivered is given by . Since and are constant, if the field excitation is increased, the load angle must decrease to keep constant. Initially, the generator is at unity power factor. Increasing the excitation makes the generator overexcited, causing it to supply lagging reactive power to the infinite bus, thus the power factor becomes lagging. The stator current is given by . As the power factor decreases from 1, the stator current must increase to maintain the constant real power . Therefore, the stator current increases, the power factor becomes lagging, and the load angle decreases.
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