GATE Electrical Engineering (EE) Syllabus

GATE EE covers engineering mathematics, electric circuits, electromagnetic fields, signals and systems, electrical machines, power systems, control systems, measurements, analog and digital electronics, and power electronics, plus general aptitude.

11 subjects · 61 topics · 400 subtopics

General Aptitude

Verbal Aptitude

  • English Grammar (Tenses, Articles, Prepositions, Conjunctions)
  • Verb-Noun Agreement & Parts of Speech
  • Vocabulary (Words, Idioms, Phrases in Context)
  • Reading Comprehension
  • Narrative Sequencing

Quantitative Aptitude

  • Data Interpretation (Bar, Pie, Graphs, Tables)
  • Ratios, Percentages, Powers, Exponents & Logarithms
  • Permutations & Combinations
  • Series
  • Mensuration & Geometry
  • Elementary Statistics & Probability
  • Simple & Compound Interest
  • Alligation & Mixture
  • Partnership
  • Time & Work

Analytical Aptitude

  • Deduction & Induction
  • Analogy
  • Numerical Relations & Reasoning

Spatial Aptitude

  • Transformation of Shapes (Translation, Rotation, Scaling, Mirroring)
  • Paper Folding, Cutting & Patterns
  • 2D & 3D Patterns

Engineering Mathematics

Linear Algebra

  • Matrix Algebra
  • Determinants
  • Rank of a Matrix
  • Systems of Linear Equations
  • Existence & Uniqueness
  • Gaussian Elimination
  • Eigenvalues & Eigenvectors
  • Diagonalization
  • Cayley-Hamilton Theorem
  • Quadratic Forms

Calculus

  • Mean Value Theorems
  • Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
  • Definite & Improper Integrals
  • Partial & Total Derivatives
  • Maxima & Minima
  • Multiple Integrals
  • Fourier Series

Vector Calculus

  • Gradient, Divergence & Curl
  • Vector Identities
  • Directional Derivatives
  • Line, Surface & Volume Integrals
  • Stokes, Gauss & Green's Theorems

Differential Equations

  • First-Order Equations
  • Higher-Order Linear ODEs
  • Variation of Parameters
  • Cauchy & Euler Equations
  • Initial & Boundary Value Problems
  • Partial Differential Equations
  • Separation of Variables
  • Heat, Wave & Laplace Equations

Complex Variables

  • Analytic Functions
  • Cauchy-Riemann Equations
  • Cauchy's Integral Theorem
  • Taylor & Laurent Series
  • Residue Theorem
  • Integrals via Residues
  • Contour Integration

Probability

  • Conditional Probability
  • Bayes' Theorem
  • Random Variables
  • PMF, PDF & CDF
  • Joint Probability & Independence
  • Expectation & Variance
  • Covariance

Statistics & Distributions

  • Mean, Median, Mode & SD
  • Sampling Theorems
  • Binomial Distribution
  • Poisson Distribution
  • Normal Distribution
  • Standard Normal & z-Score
  • Correlation & Regression

Electric Circuits

Network Elements & Sources

  • Voltage & Current Sources
  • Dependent Sources
  • R, L, C & M Elements
  • Mutual Inductance & Dot Convention
  • Initial Conditions in R, L, C
  • Passive Sign Convention
  • Energy in L & C

Network Solution Methods

  • KCL & KVL
  • Node & Mesh Analysis
  • Supernode & Supermesh
  • Source Transformation
  • Star-Delta Transformation

Network Theorems

  • Thevenin's Theorem
  • Norton's Theorem
  • Superposition Theorem
  • Maximum Power Transfer
  • Reciprocity Theorem
  • Tellegen's Theorem

Transient & AC Steady-State

  • Transient Response (DC & AC)
  • First-Order RL & RC
  • Second-Order RLC
  • Natural & Forced Response
  • Initial & Final Value Theorems
  • Laplace in Circuit Analysis
  • Sinusoidal Steady-State
  • Phasors, Impedance & Admittance
  • Series & Parallel Resonance
  • Quality Factor & Bandwidth
  • Half-Power Frequencies

AC Power & Three-Phase

  • RMS & Average Values
  • Complex Power
  • Power Factor & Correction
  • Balanced Three-Phase Circuits
  • Star & Delta Connections
  • Three-Phase Power Measurement
  • Two-Wattmeter Method
  • Unbalanced Circuits

Two-Port Networks

  • Z, Y, h & ABCD Parameters
  • Parameter Conversion
  • Interconnection of Two-Ports
  • Network Functions
  • Image & Iterative Impedance

Electromagnetic Fields

Electrostatics

  • Coulomb's Law & E-Field
  • Electric Flux & Gauss's Law
  • Field & Potential of Charges
  • Dielectric Media
  • Boundary Conditions (E)
  • Poisson & Laplace Equations
  • Method of Images
  • Capacitance
  • Energy in Electric Field

Magnetostatics

  • Biot-Savart Law
  • Ampere's Law
  • Flux Density & Field Intensity
  • Lorentz Force
  • Force on Conductors
  • Force & Torque in Fields
  • Torque on Current Loops
  • Boundary Conditions (H)

Magnetic Circuits & Inductance

  • MMF & Reluctance
  • Magnetic Circuits & B-H Curve
  • Hysteresis & Losses
  • Eddy Currents
  • Self & Mutual Inductance
  • Coupled Coils
  • Energy in Magnetic Field

Time-Varying Fields

  • Faraday's & Lenz's Law
  • Displacement Current
  • Maxwell's Equations
  • Continuity Equation
  • Poynting Vector
  • EM Wave Propagation

Signals & Systems

Signal Representation

  • CT & DT Signals
  • Shifting, Scaling & Reversal
  • Even & Odd Decomposition
  • Periodic & Aperiodic Signals
  • Energy & Power Signals
  • Impulse, Step & Ramp
  • RMS & Average Value

LTI Systems

  • LTI, Causal & Stable Systems
  • Impulse Response & Convolution
  • Convolution Integral & Sum
  • Graphical Convolution
  • Memory & Invertibility

Fourier Analysis & Sampling

  • Fourier Series (CT & DT)
  • CTFT & DTFT
  • Fourier Transform Properties
  • Frequency Response
  • Sampling Theorem
  • Aliasing & Reconstruction
  • Parseval's Relation

Laplace & Z Transforms

  • Laplace Transform & ROC
  • Inverse Laplace Transform
  • Transfer Function & Pole-Zero
  • Z Transform & ROC
  • Inverse Z Transform
  • Difference Equations
  • Causality & Stability (ROC)
  • Initial & Final Value Theorems

Electrical Machines

Single-Phase Transformers

  • Construction & Principle
  • Equivalent Circuit & Phasor
  • OC & SC Tests
  • Polarity & Sumpner's Test
  • Voltage Regulation
  • Efficiency & All-Day Efficiency
  • Losses & Max Efficiency
  • Parallel Operation

Three-Phase Transformers

  • Connections & Vector Groups
  • Phase Shift & Clock Notation
  • Parallel Operation & Tap Changing
  • Auto-Transformer
  • Instrument Transformers

Electromechanical Energy Conversion

  • Energy Conversion Principles
  • Singly & Doubly Excited Systems
  • Torque & Co-Energy
  • Force & Torque (Energy Method)
  • Rotating Magnetic Field

DC Machines

  • Construction & Types
  • Excitation Types
  • Generator & Motor Characteristics
  • Armature Reaction & Commutation
  • Speed Control & Starting
  • DC Motor Braking
  • Losses & Efficiency

Three-Phase Induction Machines

  • Principle & Types
  • Slip & Equivalent Circuit
  • Torque-Speed & Max Torque
  • No-Load & Blocked-Rotor Tests
  • Performance Calculations
  • Starting & Speed Control
  • Circle Diagram
  • Crawling & Cogging
  • Deep Bar & Double Cage
  • Induction Generator

Single-Phase Induction Motors

  • Double Revolving Field Theory
  • Starting Methods
  • Shaded Pole Motor
  • Equivalent Circuit

Synchronous Machines

  • Cylindrical & Salient Pole
  • EMF & Armature Reaction
  • Synchronous Reactance & Regulation
  • V-Curves
  • Parallel Operation
  • Two-Reaction Theory
  • Synchronizing Power & Power Angle
  • Starting of Synchronous Motors
  • Losses & Efficiency

Power Systems

Generation & Transmission

  • Power Generation Methods
  • Thermal, Hydro & Renewable
  • AC & DC Transmission
  • Transmission Line Parameters

Transmission Line Performance

  • Short, Medium & Long Line Models
  • ABCD Constants
  • Voltage Regulation & Efficiency
  • Surge Impedance Loading
  • Ferranti Effect
  • Corona
  • Underground Cable Capacitance
  • Travelling Waves

Economic Operation & Compensation

  • Economic Load Dispatch
  • Penalty Factor & Incremental Cost
  • Series & Shunt Compensation
  • Reactive Power Compensation
  • Power Factor Correction
  • Voltage & Frequency Control
  • Load Frequency Control

Insulators & Distribution

  • E-Field in Insulators
  • String Efficiency
  • Grading of Insulators
  • Radial & Ring Distribution
  • Feeder Calculations
  • Substation Layout

Per-Unit System & Load Flow

  • Per-Unit & Base Conversion
  • Single-Line Diagram
  • Y-Bus Formation
  • Z-Bus Formation
  • Gauss-Seidel & Newton-Raphson
  • PV, PQ & Slack Buses
  • Power Flow Equations
  • Voltage Profile & Losses

Fault Analysis

  • Symmetrical Components
  • Symmetrical Faults
  • Unsymmetrical Faults (LG, LL, LLG)
  • Open Conductor Faults
  • Fault Current Calculation
  • Current Limiting Reactors

Power System Protection

  • Overcurrent Protection
  • Differential & Directional
  • Distance Protection
  • Relay Characteristics
  • Primary & Backup Protection
  • Circuit Breakers
  • Protection of Equipment

Power System Stability

  • Steady-State & Transient Stability
  • Swing Equation & Power-Angle
  • Equal Area Criterion
  • Critical Clearing Angle & Time
  • Improving Stability

Control Systems

System Modelling

  • Modelling of Physical Systems
  • Feedback & Transfer Function
  • Block Diagram Reduction
  • Signal Flow & Mason's Gain

Time-Domain Analysis

  • Transient & Steady-State Response
  • First & Second-Order Response
  • Time-Domain Specifications
  • Steady-State Error & Error Constants

Stability Analysis

  • Routh-Hurwitz Criterion
  • Nyquist Criterion
  • Gain & Phase Margin
  • Relative Stability

Frequency Response & Root Locus

  • Bode Plots
  • Polar & Nyquist Plots
  • Root Locus Construction
  • Root Locus: Asymptotes & Angles
  • Breakaway & Break-In Points
  • Angle & Magnitude Conditions
  • Dominant Pole Design
  • Frequency-Domain Specs
  • Bandwidth & Resonance

Compensators & Controllers

  • Lag, Lead & Lag-Lead
  • P, PI & PID Controllers
  • Controller Tuning
  • Effect of Controllers on Response

State-Space Analysis

  • State-Space Model
  • Solution of State Equations
  • State Transition Matrix
  • Transfer Function from States
  • Controllability & Observability
  • Canonical Forms
  • State-Space Realization

Electrical & Electronic Measurements

Measurement Principles

  • Accuracy, Precision & Resolution
  • Error Analysis
  • Loading Effect
  • Calibration
  • Instrument Classification
  • Range Extension (Shunts)

Bridges & Potentiometers

  • Wheatstone & Kelvin Bridge
  • AC Bridges (Maxwell, Hay, Schering)
  • AC & DC Potentiometers

Electrical Quantity Measurement

  • V, I, Power & Energy
  • Resistance Measurement
  • Power Factor Measurement
  • PMMC & Moving Iron
  • Dynamometer Instruments
  • Induction Energy Meters
  • Wattmeters

Instrument Transformers

  • CT & PT
  • Ratio & Phase Angle Error
  • Burden & Applications

Electronic & Digital Instruments

  • Digital Voltmeters & Multimeters
  • Oscilloscopes & CRO
  • Digital Storage Oscilloscope
  • Lissajous Figures
  • Phase, Time & Frequency
  • Frequency Counters
  • Q-Meter
  • Hall-Effect Sensors

Analog & Digital Electronics

Diode Circuits

  • P-N Junction Diode
  • Small-Signal Resistance
  • Clipping & Clamping
  • Rectifiers (HW, FW, Bridge)
  • Filters & Ripple Factor
  • Zener Regulator

Amplifiers & Feedback

  • BJT & FET Biasing
  • Small-Signal Equivalent Circuits
  • Single-Stage Amplifiers
  • Multistage Amplifiers
  • Frequency Response
  • Feedback & Barkhausen
  • RC & LC Oscillators

Operational Amplifiers

  • Ideal & Non-Ideal Op-Amp
  • Op-Amp Non-Idealities
  • Inverting & Non-Inverting
  • Summing & Difference
  • Integrator & Differentiator
  • Comparator & Schmitt Trigger
  • Active Filters (Sallen-Key)
  • 555 Timer Applications

Digital Logic Circuits

  • Logic Families (TTL, CMOS)
  • Boolean Algebra & Gates
  • K-Map Minimization
  • Combinational Hazards
  • MUX, DEMUX, Decoders
  • Latches, Flip-Flops & Counters
  • Race-Around & Master-Slave
  • Ring & Johnson Counters
  • Finite State Machines
  • Timing Parameters

Data Conversion Circuits

  • Sample & Hold
  • A/D Converters (Flash, SAR)
  • D/A Converters (R-2R)
  • Resolution & Quantization Error

Power Electronics

Power Semiconductor Devices

  • Thyristor V-I & Firing
  • MOSFET & IGBT Characteristics
  • Switching Characteristics
  • Thyristor Commutation
  • Freewheeling Diode
  • Device Protection (Snubber)

DC-DC Converters

  • Buck Converter
  • Boost Converter
  • Buck-Boost Converter
  • Conduction Modes (CCM, DCM)
  • Inductor & Capacitor Ripple
  • Duty Ratio & Efficiency
  • Cuk & SEPIC

AC-DC Converters

  • Uncontrolled Rectifiers (1φ, 3φ)
  • Line-Commutated Converters
  • Firing, Extinction & Overlap Angles
  • Semi & Full Converters (1φ)
  • Controlled Rectifiers (3φ)
  • Dual Converters
  • Bidirectional VSC
  • Output Voltage & Ripple
  • Power & Distortion Factor

Inverters

  • VSI (1φ, 3φ)
  • Current Source Inverters
  • 180° & 120° Conduction
  • Sinusoidal PWM
  • Square Wave Operation
  • Harmonics in Inverters
  • Voltage Control Methods
  • Harmonic Elimination

Harmonics & AC-AC Converters

  • Line Current Harmonics
  • Total Harmonic Distortion
  • Displacement & Distortion Factors
  • AC Voltage Controllers
  • Cycloconverters
  • UPS & SMPS

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