GATE CE 2014 Set 1 — Question 50
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Transportation Engineering → Pavement Design → Traffic Load & ESAL
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Question
A traffic survey conducted on a road yields an average daily traffic count of 5000 vehicles. The axle load distribution on the same road is given in the following table:
The design period of the road is 15 years, the yearly traffic growth rate is 7.5% and the load safety factor (LSF) is 1.3. If the vehicle damage factor (VDF) is calculated from the above data, the design traffic (in million standard axle load, MSA) is ____________
| Axle load (tonnes) | Frequency of traffic (%) |
|---|---|
| 18 | 10 |
| 14 | 20 |
| 10 | 35 |
| 8 | 15 |
| 6 | 20 |
Correct answer
7.1 to 7.85
Solution
1.Calculate Vehicle Damage Factor (VDF):
The VDF is calculated using the fourth-power law relative to a standard axle load (). In India, the standard axle load is typically taken as 8.16 tonnes (80 kN).Where is the frequency of the axle load .
- For 18 tonnes:
- For 14 tonnes:
- For 10 tonnes:
- For 8 tonnes:
- For 6 tonnes:
Total
2.Calculate Cumulative Standard Axles (N):
The formula for cumulative standard axles is:Where:
- (Initial traffic)
- (Growth rate)
- (Design period)
- (Lane Distribution Factor) is assumed as 0.75 for a two-lane single carriageway (standard assumption if not given).
Question: Quantity of flow under the dam.
Formula:
- m/s
- m
- From diagram: ,
- m/s/m
- In cm/s/m: cm/s/m
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