GATE CE 2015 Set 1 — Question 27
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Water Resources Engineering → Fluid Kinematics & Dynamics → Bernoulli's Equation
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Question
For steady incompressible flow through a closed-conduit of uniform cross-section, the direction of flow will always be:
Correct answer
(D) from higher to lower piezometric head
Solution
Fluid flow always occurs from a region of higher total energy (total head) to a region of lower total energy. The total head is given by:where is the piezometric head and is the velocity head. For a closed conduit of uniform cross-section, the velocity remains constant due to the continuity equation (). Since the velocity head is constant, the flow direction is determined solely by the gradient of the piezometric head. Therefore, flow will always be from higher to lower piezometric head.
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