The PYQ practice room
GATE CE 2018 Set 2
All 65 solved GATE CE 2018 Set 2 questions in exam order. Open a question, commit to an answer, and learn from the step-by-step solution. One question at a time.
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65
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100
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General Aptitude (GA)
101
Q1MCQ1 markEasy“His face _________ with joy when the solution of the puzzle was _____ to him.” The words that best fill the blanks in the above sentence areThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
“His face _________ with joy when the solution of the puzzle was _____ to him.”The words that best fill the blanks in the above sentence areCorrect answer
(A) shone, shown
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The first blank requires the past tense of the verb 'shine' to describe the expression on the face, which is 'shone'. The second blank requires the past participle of the verb 'show' to indicate the solution was presented or made visible to him, which is 'shown'. Therefore, the correct pair is 'shone, shown'.2
Q2MCQ1 markEasy“Although it does contain some pioneering ideas, one would hardly characterize the work as _________.” The word that best fills the blank in the above sentence isThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
“Although it does contain some pioneering ideas, one would hardly characterize the work as _________.”The word that best fills the blank in the above sentence isCorrect answer
(A) innovative
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The sentence uses the conjunction 'Although', which introduces a contrast. 'Pioneering ideas' are by definition 'innovative'. The sentence suggests that despite having some pioneering ideas, the work as a whole is not significant enough to be called 'innovative'. Using 'innovative' creates the intended logical contrast between the specific parts (pioneering ideas) and the overall characterization of the work.3
Q3MCQ1 markMediumand , where and are natural numbers. What…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
and , where and are natural numbers. What is the value of ?Correct answer
(B) a⁴b⁴
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Given:
1) (since is a natural number, )
2) (since is a natural number, )We need to find the value of:
Substituting and :
.4
Q4MCQ1 markEasyA three-member committee has to be formed from a group of 9 people. How many such distinct committees can be formed?Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A three-member committee has to be formed from a group of 9 people. How many such distinct committees can be formed?Correct answer
(D) 84
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The number of ways to form a three-member committee from a group of 9 people is a combination problem, as the order of members in the committee does not matter. The formula for combinations is:Here, and :Thus, 84 distinct committees can be formed.5
Q5MCQ1 markMediumFor non-negative integers, , what would be the value of if ?Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
For non-negative integers, , what would be the value of if ?Correct answer
(A) 3
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Given the equation:Using the logarithmic property , we can rewrite the equation as:This implies:We are given that are non-negative integers. Since the logarithm of zero is undefined, must be positive integers (). The only set of positive integers whose product is 1 is:Therefore, the value of is:6
Q6MCQ2 marksEasyIn manufacturing industries, loss is usually taken to be proportional to the square of the deviation from a target. If the loss is Rs. 4900 for a deviation of 7 units, what would…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
In manufacturing industries, loss is usually taken to be proportional to the square of the deviation from a target. If the loss is Rs. 4900 for a deviation of 7 units, what would be the loss in Rupees for a deviation of 4 units from the target?Correct answer
(C) 1600
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Let the loss be and the deviation be . According to the problem, the loss is proportional to the square of the deviation:where is a constant of proportionality.Step 1: Find the value of using the given data.
Given when :Step 2: Calculate the loss for a deviation of 4 units.
For :The loss for a deviation of 4 units is Rs. 1600.7
Q7MCQ2 marksMediumA faulty wall clock is known to gain 15 minutes every 24 hours. It is synchronized to the correct time at 9 AM on 11th July. What will be the correct time to the nearest minute…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A faulty wall clock is known to gain 15 minutes every 24 hours. It is synchronized to the correct time at 9 AM on 11th July. What will be the correct time to the nearest minute when the clock shows 2 PM on 15th July of the same year?Correct answer
(B) 12:58 PM
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A faulty clock gains 15 minutes in 24 hours.
This means 24 hours and 15 minutes on the faulty clock corresponds to 24 hours on a correct clock.
Faulty time interval = hours.
Correct time interval = 24 hours.
Ratio of correct time to faulty time = .Time elapsed on the faulty clock from 9 AM 11th July to 2 PM 15th July:
From 11th 9 AM to 15th 9 AM = 4 days = 96 hours.
From 15th 9 AM to 15th 2 PM = 5 hours.
Total faulty time elapsed = hours.Actual time elapsed = hours.
hours = 4 days and hours.
minutes.
So, the correct time is 4 days, 3 hours, and 58 minutes (to the nearest minute) from 9 AM 11th July.
9 AM + 3 hours 58 minutes = 12:58 PM on 15th July.8
Q8MCQ2 marksEasyThe annual average rainfall in a tropical city is 1000 mm. On a particular rainy day (24-hour period), the cumulative rainfall experienced by the city is shown in the graph. Over…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The annual average rainfall in a tropical city is 1000 mm. On a particular rainy day (24-hour period), the cumulative rainfall experienced by the city is shown in the graph. Over the 24-hour period, 50% of the rainfall falling on a rooftop, which had an obstruction-free area of , was harvested into a tank. What is the total volume of water collected in the tank in liters?
Correct answer
(C) 7,500
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From the graph, the cumulative rainfall at the end of 24 hours is 300 mm.
Total depth of rainfall = .
Area of the rooftop = .
Total volume of water falling on the rooftop = .
Since 50% of this water is harvested:
Volume collected = .
Converting to liters ():
Volume in liters = .9
Q9MCQ2 marksEasyGiven that for , what is the value of the product ?Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Given that for , what is the value of the product ?Correct answer
(B) 1
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Let .
Then,
Adding the three equations:
Therefore, .10
Q10MCQ2 marksMediumEach of the letters in the figure below represents a unique integer from 1 to 9. The letters are positioned in the figure such that each of , , and…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Each of the letters in the figure below represents a unique integer from 1 to 9. The letters are positioned in the figure such that each of , , and is equal to 13. Which integer does represent?
Correct answer
(B) 4
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The sum of all integers from 1 to 9 is .
Given the four equations based on the figure:
1)
2)
3)
4) Adding these four equations together, we get:
Since the integers are unique and from 1 to 9, the only set of three distinct positive integers that sum to 7 is . Thus, .From equation (2), . For , .
From equation (3), . For , .Let's test the possible values for from the set :- If , then . If , then , so (invalid). If , then , so (invalid).
- If , then . If , then , so (invalid). If , then , so (invalid).
- If , then .
The remaining integers are .
From (1), , which can be .
From (4), , which can be .
All conditions are satisfied.Therefore, must represent the integer 4.
Civil Engineering (Set 2)
5511
Q11MCQ1 markEasyThe solution of the equation passing through the point isThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
The solution of the equation passing through the point isCorrect answer
(C) x⁻¹
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The given differential equation is .
This can be written as .
Integrating both sides: .
The curve passes through the point , so .
Thus, the solution is or .12
Q12MCQ1 markEasyThe graph of a function is shown in the figure. [figure] For to be a valid probability density function, the value of isThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
The graph of a function is shown in the figure.For to be a valid probability density function, the value of is
Correct answer
(A) 1/3
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For to be a valid probability density function, the total area under the curve must be equal to 1.
Area = .
The area consists of three triangles:1.Triangle from to with height : Area2.Triangle from to with height : Area3.Triangle from to with height : AreaTotal Area = .
Setting Total Area = 1: .13
Q13MCQ1 markEasyA probability distribution with right skew is shown in the figure. [figure] The correct statement for the probability distribution isThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
A probability distribution with right skew is shown in the figure.The correct statement for the probability distribution is
Correct answer
(C) Mean is greater than median and mode
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In a right-skewed (positively skewed) distribution, the tail on the right side is longer than on the left side. This pulls the mean to the right of the median and mode. The general relationship for a right-skewed distribution is:
Mode < Median < Mean.
Therefore, the mean is greater than both the median and the mode.14
Q14MCQ1 markMediumAll the members of the planar truss (see figure), have the same properties in terms of area of cross-section () and modulus of elasticity (). [figure] For the loads shown on…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
All the members of the planar truss (see figure), have the same properties in terms of area of cross-section () and modulus of elasticity ().For the loads shown on the truss, the statement that correctly represents the nature of forces in the members of the truss is:
Correct answer
(D) There are 2 members in tension, and 3 zero-force members
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To determine the nature of forces in the truss members, we analyze the joints and identify zero-force members.1.Identify Supports and Loads:- Let the nodes be (bottom-left), (bottom-right), (top-right), and (top-left).
- Support at is a hinge.
- Support at is a roller on a vertical wall (restricting horizontal movement).
- External horizontal loads are applied at node (pointing right) and node (pointing right).
- The diagonal member is .
- (acting to the left).
- (acting to the left).
- .
- Joint D: (Zero-force member). (Compression). Note: If the arrow at D is interpreted as pointing left (tension-inducing), would be in tension.
- Joint B: (Zero-force member). (Tension).
- Joint C: . Since , then (Zero-force member).
Based on the official answer key and the standard interpretation of such diagrams where loads are often intended to produce specific results:- Members , , and are zero-force members (3 members).
- Members and are the only loaded members. Depending on the exact direction of the arrows (if both are interpreted as pulling away from the truss), both will be in tension.
- Thus, there are 2 members in tension and 3 zero-force members.
15
Q15MCQ1 markEasyThe setting time of cement is determined usingThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
The setting time of cement is determined usingCorrect answer
(C) Vicat apparatus
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The Vicat apparatus is used to find the standard consistency, initial setting time, and final setting time of cement. Le Chatelier apparatus is used for soundness. Briquette testing is for tensile strength. Casagrande's apparatus is for the liquid limit of soil.16
Q16MCQ1 markEasyA structural member subjected to compression, has both translation and rotation restrained at one end, while only translation is restrained at the other end. As per IS 456 : 2000,…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A structural member subjected to compression, has both translation and rotation restrained at one end, while only translation is restrained at the other end. As per IS 456 : 2000, the effective length factor recommended for design isCorrect answer
(D) 0.80
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According to IS 456:2000, Table 28, for a compression member with one end effectively held in position and restrained against rotation (fixed) and the other end effectively held in position but not restrained against rotation (hinged), the theoretical effective length is and the recommended value for design is .17
Q17MCQ1 markEasyA vertical load of acts on a hinge located at a distance of from the roller support of a beam of length (see figure). [figure] The vertical reaction…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A vertical load of acts on a hinge located at a distance of from the roller support of a beam of length (see figure).The vertical reaction at support is
Correct answer
(A) 0.0 kN
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To find the vertical reaction at support , we can consider the equilibrium of the segment of the beam to the right of the internal hinge (from the hinge to ).For an internal hinge, the bending moment must be zero. Let be the vertical reaction at . Taking moments about the hinge for the right-hand segment:The load acts exactly at the hinge, so its moment arm about the hinge is zero and it does not contribute to the moment equation for the segment. Thus, the vertical reaction at is .18
Q18MCQ1 markMediumA flownet below a dam consists of 24 equipotential drops and 7 flow channels. The difference between the upstream and downstream water levels is . The length of the…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A flownet below a dam consists of 24 equipotential drops and 7 flow channels. The difference between the upstream and downstream water levels is . The length of the flow line adjacent to the toe of the dam at exit is . The specific gravity and void ratio of the soil below the dam are 2.70 and 0.70, respectively. The factor of safety against piping isCorrect answer
(D) 4
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1.Critical Hydraulic Gradient ():2.Exit Gradient ():The head drop per equipotential drop is .
The exit gradient is calculated for the last field at the exit:
3.Factor of Safety (FOS):Thus, the factor of safety against piping is 4.19
Q19MCQ1 markMediumThe contact pressure and settlement distribution for a footing are shown in the figure. [figure] The figure corresponds to aThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
The contact pressure and settlement distribution for a footing are shown in the figure.The figure corresponds to a
Correct answer
(A) rigid footing on granular soil
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For a rigid footing, the settlement is uniform across the entire width of the footing, regardless of the soil type. This is represented by the straight horizontal dashed line in the figure. The contact pressure distribution, however, depends on the soil type:1.Granular Soil (Sand): The contact pressure is maximum at the center and zero at the edges. This occurs because the soil at the edges lacks confinement and can yield laterally, reducing its resistance.2.Cohesive Soil (Clay): The contact pressure is minimum at the center and maximum at the edges.The given figure shows a contact pressure distribution (indicated by the arrows) that is maximum at the center and decreases to zero at the edges. Therefore, it corresponds to a rigid footing on granular soil.20
Q20MCQ1 markMediumWhich one of the following statements is NOT correct?Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Which one of the following statements is NOT correct?Correct answer
(B) Boussinesq’s theory is used for the analysis of stratified soil.
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Statement (B) is incorrect because Boussinesq's theory assumes a homogeneous, isotropic, and semi-infinite elastic medium. For the analysis of stratified soil, Westergaard's theory is generally preferred as it accounts for the non-isotropic nature of layered deposits. Other statements are correct:
(A) The plastic state of a soil is defined as the range of water content between the plastic limit and the liquid limit.
(C) In cohesive soils, the presence of cohesion () allows a stable slope to be steeper than the angle of internal friction ().
(D) Dilatancy correction is applied to the observed -value in fine sands and silts below the water table if the corrected -value (after overburden correction) is greater than 15.21
Q21MCQ1 markEasyThe clay mineral, whose structural units are held together by potassium bond isThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
The clay mineral, whose structural units are held together by potassium bond isCorrect answer
(B) Illite
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Illite is a 2:1 clay mineral where the structural units (one octahedral sheet between two tetrahedral sheets) are held together by non-exchangeable potassium ions () in the interlayer spaces. These potassium bonds are relatively strong, making illite less expansive than smectite but more so than kaolinite (which is held by hydrogen bonds).22
Q22MCQ1 markEasyDupuit’s assumptions are valid forThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
Dupuit’s assumptions are valid forCorrect answer
(D) unconfined aquifer
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Dupuit's assumptions (also known as Dupuit-Forchheimer assumptions) are used to simplify the analysis of steady-state flow in unconfined aquifers. The primary assumptions are:1.The hydraulic gradient is equal to the slope of the free surface (water table).2.For small water table gradients, the flow lines are horizontal and the equipotential lines are vertical.23
Q23MCQ1 markEasyFor a given discharge in an open channel, there are two depths which have the same specific energy. These two depths are known asThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
For a given discharge in an open channel, there are two depths which have the same specific energy. These two depths are known asCorrect answer
(A) alternate depths
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In open channel flow, for a given discharge , the specific energy is given by . For any value of specific energy greater than the minimum specific energy , there exist two possible depths of flow. These two depths, which have the same specific energy for a given discharge, are called alternate depths. One depth is in the subcritical flow regime, and the other is in the supercritical flow regime.24
Q24MCQ1 markEasyAs per IS 10500:2012, for drinking water in the absence of alternate source of water, the permissible limits for chloride and sulphate, in mg/L, respectively areThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
As per IS 10500:2012, for drinking water in the absence of alternate source of water, the permissible limits for chloride and sulphate, in mg/L, respectively areCorrect answer
(B) 1000 and 400
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According to the Indian Standard for Drinking Water (IS 10500:2012):1.Chloride: The acceptable limit is 250 mg/L. In the absence of an alternate source, the permissible limit is extended to 1000 mg/L.2.Sulphate: The acceptable limit is 200 mg/L. In the absence of an alternate source, the permissible limit is extended to 400 mg/L.Therefore, the correct values are 1000 and 400 mg/L.25
Q25MCQ1 markMediumIn the figures, Group I represents the atmospheric temperature profiles (P, Q, R and S) and Group II represents dispersion of pollutants from a smoke stack (1, 2, 3 and 4). In the…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
In the figures, Group I represents the atmospheric temperature profiles (P, Q, R and S) and Group II represents dispersion of pollutants from a smoke stack (1, 2, 3 and 4). In the figures of Group I, the dashed line represents the dry adiabatic lapse rate, whereas the horizontal axis represents temperature and the vertical axis represents the altitude.The correct match is
Correct answer
(A) P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4
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The matching is based on atmospheric stability and plume behavior:- P (Superadiabatic): Environmental Lapse Rate (ELR) > Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate (DALR). This is a highly unstable condition leading to a Looping plume (1).
- Q (Adiabatic): ELR = DALR. This is a neutral condition leading to a Coning plume (2).
- R (Inversion): Temperature increases with altitude (negative lapse rate). This is a very stable condition leading to a Fanning plume (3).
- S (Inversion over superadiabatic): A stable layer exists above an unstable layer. Pollutants are prevented from rising and are mixed downwards, leading to Fumigation (4).
26
Q26MCQ1 markEasyPeak Hour Factor (PHF) is used to represent the proportion of peak sub-hourly traffic flow within the peak hour. If 15-minute sub-hours are considered, the theoretically possible…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Peak Hour Factor (PHF) is used to represent the proportion of peak sub-hourly traffic flow within the peak hour. If 15-minute sub-hours are considered, the theoretically possible range of PHF will beCorrect answer
(C) 0.25 to 1.0
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The Peak Hour Factor (PHF) is defined as the ratio of the total hourly volume to the peak rate of flow within the hour. For 15-minute sub-hours ():where is the total hourly volume and is the maximum volume during any 15-minute interval.1.Maximum value: If the flow is perfectly uniform throughout the hour, , so .2.Minimum value: If all the traffic for the entire hour occurs within a single 15-minute interval, then . In this case, .Therefore, the theoretically possible range is 0.25 to 1.0.27
Q27MCQ1 markEasyAs per IRC:37-2012, in order to control subgrade rutting in flexible pavements, the parameter to be considered isThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
As per IRC:37-2012, in order to control subgrade rutting in flexible pavements, the parameter to be considered isCorrect answer
(B) vertical compressive strain on top of subgrade
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According to IRC:37-2012, the design of flexible pavements is based on two critical strain criteria:1.Fatigue Cracking: Controlled by the horizontal tensile strain () at the bottom of the bituminous layer.2.Rutting: Controlled by the vertical compressive strain () on top of the subgrade.Thus, to control subgrade rutting, the vertical compressive strain on top of the subgrade is the parameter considered.28
Q28MCQ1 markEasyThe initial concavity in the load-penetration curve of a CBR test is NOT due toThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
The initial concavity in the load-penetration curve of a CBR test is NOT due toCorrect answer
(B) high impact at start of loading
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In a California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test, the load-penetration curve sometimes shows an initial concavity. This is usually due to surface irregularities or improper seating of the plunger. Common causes include:- Uneven top surface: The plunger doesn't make full contact immediately.
- Inclined penetration plunger: The plunger is not perfectly vertical, leading to non-uniform initial contact.
- Soft top layer: A very soft or loose layer at the top of the specimen (often due to soaking) provides little resistance initially.
29
Q29NAT1 markEasyProbability (up to one decimal place) of consecutively picking 3 red balls without replacement from a box containing 5 red balls and 1 white ball is ______Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Probability (up to one decimal place) of consecutively picking 3 red balls without replacement from a box containing 5 red balls and 1 white ball is ______Correct answer
0.5 to 0.5
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Total number of balls = 5 (red) + 1 (white) = 6.
Probability of picking 3 red balls consecutively without replacement is:
.30
Q30NAT1 markEasyThe quadratic equation is to be solved numerically starting with an initial guess as . The new estimate of after the first iteration using…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The quadratic equation is to be solved numerically starting with an initial guess as . The new estimate of after the first iteration using Newton-Raphson method is ______Correct answer
1 to 1
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Given . Then .
Initial guess .
.
.
Using Newton-Raphson formula:
.31
Q31NAT1 markMediumAs per IS 456 : 2000, the minimum percentage of tension reinforcement (up to two decimal places) required in reinforced-concrete beams of rectangular cross-section…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
As per IS 456 : 2000, the minimum percentage of tension reinforcement (up to two decimal places) required in reinforced-concrete beams of rectangular cross-section (considering effective depth in the calculation of area) using Fe500 grade steel is ______Correct answer
0.17 to 0.17
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According to IS 456 : 2000, the minimum area of tension reinforcement is given by:
Minimum percentage of reinforcement
For Fe500 grade steel, MPa.
.32
Q32NAT1 markEasyA reinforced-concrete slab with effective depth of 80 mm is simply supported at two opposite ends on 230 mm thick masonry walls. The centre-to-centre distance between the walls is…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A reinforced-concrete slab with effective depth of 80 mm is simply supported at two opposite ends on 230 mm thick masonry walls. The centre-to-centre distance between the walls is 3.3 m. As per IS 456 : 2000, the effective span of the slab (in m, up to two decimal places) is ______Correct answer
3.15 to 3.15
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According to IS 456:2000, the effective span () of a simply supported beam or slab is the lesser of:1.Clear span + effective depth ()2.Centre-to-centre distance between supportsGiven:
Effective depth () = 80 mm = 0.08 m
Thickness of walls () = 230 mm = 0.23 m
Centre-to-centre distance = 3.3 mClear span = (Centre-to-centre distance) - = mCalculating the two criteria:1.Clear span + = m2.Centre-to-centre distance = 3.3 mThe effective span is the minimum of these two values: m.33
Q33NAT1 markEasyA fillet weld is simultaneously subjected to factored normal and shear stresses of 120 MPa and 50 MPa, respectively. As per IS 800 : 2007, the equivalent stress (in MPa, up to two…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A fillet weld is simultaneously subjected to factored normal and shear stresses of 120 MPa and 50 MPa, respectively. As per IS 800 : 2007, the equivalent stress (in MPa, up to two decimal places) is ______Correct answer
147.5 to 148.5
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According to IS 800:2007, the equivalent stress () for a fillet weld subjected to normal stress () and shear stress () is given by the formula:Given:
Factored normal stress, MPa
Factored shear stress, MPaCalculation:Rounding to two decimal places, the equivalent stress is 147.99 MPa, which falls within the accepted range of 147.50 to 148.50.34
Q34NAT1 markMediumThe intensity of irrigation for the Kharif season is 50% for an irrigation project with culturable command area of 50,000 hectares. The duty for the Kharif season is 1000…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The intensity of irrigation for the Kharif season is 50% for an irrigation project with culturable command area of 50,000 hectares. The duty for the Kharif season is 1000 hectare/cumec. Assuming transmission loss of 10%, the required discharge (in cumec, up to two decimal places) at the head of the canal is ______Correct answer
27 to 28
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1.Calculate the area to be irrigated during the Kharif season:Area () = Intensity of Irrigation Culturable Command Area (CCA)
hectares.2.Calculate the required discharge at the field ():cumec.3.Account for transmission losses to find the discharge at the head of the canal ():Transmission loss = 10%
Conveyance Efficiency () =
cumec.Rounding to two decimal places, the required discharge at the head of the canal is 27.78 cumec, which falls within the accepted range of 27.00 to 28.00.35
Q35NAT1 markEasyA culvert is designed for a flood frequency of 100 years and a useful life of 20 years. The risk involved in the design of the culvert (in percentage, up to two decimal places) is…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A culvert is designed for a flood frequency of 100 years and a useful life of 20 years. The risk involved in the design of the culvert (in percentage, up to two decimal places) is ______Correct answer
17.5 to 18.5
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Risk () is defined as the probability that a design flood of return period will occur at least once in the useful life of years.The probability of occurrence in any single year is .
The probability of non-occurrence in any single year is .
The probability of non-occurrence in successive years is .The risk is given by:Given:
Return period () = 100 years
Useful life () = 20 yearsSubstituting the values:In percentage:The correct range is 17.50 to 18.50.36
Q36MCQ2 marksMediumThe matrix hasThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
The matrix hasCorrect answer
(D) complex eigenvalues and eigenvectors
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To find the nature of eigenvalues, we solve the characteristic equation :The eigenvalues are purely imaginary (complex). For a real matrix, if the eigenvalues are complex, the corresponding eigenvectors must also be complex. Therefore, the matrix has complex eigenvalues and complex eigenvectors.37
Q37MCQ2 marksEasyThe Laplace transform of the exponential function, when , where is a constant and , isThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
The Laplace transform of the exponential function, when , where is a constant and , isCorrect answer
(B) (1)/(s-a)
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The Laplace transform of a function is defined as:Given for :Integrating with respect to :Given the condition , as , :Thus, the correct option is (B).38
Q38MCQ2 marksEasyThe rank of the following matrix isThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
The rank of the following matrix isCorrect answer
(B) 2
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To find the rank of the matrix, we reduce it to row-echelon form using elementary row operations:
Let1. and :2.:The number of non-zero rows in the row-echelon form is 2. Therefore, the rank of the matrix is 2.39
Q39MCQ2 marksEasyTwo rigid bodies of mass 5 kg and 4 kg are at rest on a frictionless surface until acted upon by a force of 36 N as shown in the figure. The contact force generated between the…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Two rigid bodies of mass 5 kg and 4 kg are at rest on a frictionless surface until acted upon by a force of 36 N as shown in the figure. The contact force generated between the two bodies is
Correct answer
(D) 16.0 N
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1.Calculate the acceleration of the entire system:Total mass
Acceleration2.Calculate the contact force () between the bodies. The contact force is the force that accelerates the 4 kg block:Alternatively, considering the 5 kg block:
.40
Q40MCQ2 marksMediumFour bolts P, Q, R and S of equal diameter are used for a bracket subjected to a load of 130 kN as shown in the figure. [figure] The force in bolt P isThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
Four bolts P, Q, R and S of equal diameter are used for a bracket subjected to a load of 130 kN as shown in the figure.The force in bolt P is
Correct answer
(B) 69.32 kN
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1.Direct Shear Force ():(acting downwards on each bolt).2.Torsional Shear Force ():Eccentricity .
Moment .
Bolt coordinates relative to CG: , .
Radial distance .
.
.3.Components of for bolt P (top-right):(to the right).
(downwards).4.Resultant Force on bolt P:Total horizontal force .
Total vertical force .
.41
Q41MCQ2 marksMediumA singly-reinforced rectangular concrete beam of width 300 mm and effective depth 400 mm is to be designed using M25 grade concrete and Fe500 grade reinforcing steel. For the beam…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A singly-reinforced rectangular concrete beam of width 300 mm and effective depth 400 mm is to be designed using M25 grade concrete and Fe500 grade reinforcing steel. For the beam to be under-reinforced, the maximum number of 16 mm diameter reinforcing bars that can be provided isCorrect answer
(C) 5
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1.For Fe500 steel, the limiting depth of the neutral axis is mm.2.For an under-reinforced section, .3.Equating total compression and total tension: .4.The maximum area of steel for an under-reinforced section is mm.5.Area of one 16 mm diameter bar: mm.6.Maximum number of bars .7.Since the number of bars must be an integer and must be less than for the beam to remain under-reinforced, the maximum number of bars is 5.42
Q42MCQ2 marksEasyA 3 m high vertical earth retaining wall retains a dry granular backfill with angle of internal friction of and unit weight of 20 kN/m. If the wall is prevented…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A 3 m high vertical earth retaining wall retains a dry granular backfill with angle of internal friction of and unit weight of 20 kN/m. If the wall is prevented from yielding (no movement), the total horizontal thrust (in kN per unit length) on the wall isCorrect answer
(C) 45
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1.Since the wall is prevented from yielding, the earth pressure is at rest.2.Coefficient of earth pressure at rest .3.Total horizontal thrust .4. kN/m.43
Q43MCQ2 marksMediumThree soil specimens (Soil 1, Soil 2 and Soil 3), each 150 mm long and 100 mm diameter, are placed in series in a constant head flow set-up as shown in the figure. Suitable…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Three soil specimens (Soil 1, Soil 2 and Soil 3), each 150 mm long and 100 mm diameter, are placed in series in a constant head flow set-up as shown in the figure. Suitable screens are provided at the boundaries of the specimens to keep them intact. The values of coefficient of permeability of Soil 1, Soil 2 and Soil 3 are 0.01, 0.003 and 0.03 cm/s, respectively.The value of in the set-up is
Correct answer
(B) 40 mm
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1.For flow in series, the discharge is the same through each specimen: .2.Since the cross-sectional area and length mm are the same for all, , where is the head loss in each specimen.3.Given , , cm/s.4. and .5.Total head loss mm.6. mm.7.The piezometer level is measured from the downstream water level. The head at the junction of Soil 2 and Soil 3 is equal to the head loss in Soil 3, which is mm. Thus, mm.44
Q44MCQ2 marksMediumIn a 5 m wide rectangular channel, the velocity distribution in the vertical direction is given by . The distance is measured from the channel bed.…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
In a 5 m wide rectangular channel, the velocity distribution in the vertical direction is given by . The distance is measured from the channel bed. If the flow depth is 2 m, the discharge per unit width of the channel isCorrect answer
(A) 2.40 m ³ /s/m
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Discharge per unit width () is given by the integral of velocity over the depth:Given and m:Thus, the closest option is (A).45
Q45MCQ2 marksMediumA car follows a slow moving truck (travelling at a speed of 10 m/s) on a two-lane two-way highway. The car reduces its speed to 10 m/s and follows the truck maintaining a distance…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A car follows a slow moving truck (travelling at a speed of 10 m/s) on a two-lane two-way highway. The car reduces its speed to 10 m/s and follows the truck maintaining a distance of 16 m from the truck. On finding a clear gap in the opposing traffic stream, the car accelerates at an average rate of 4 m/s, overtakes the truck and returns to its original lane. When it returns to its original lane, the distance between the car and the truck is 16 m. The total distance covered by the car during this period (from the time it leaves its lane and subsequently returns to its lane after overtaking) isCorrect answer
(B) 72 m
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The distance covered during overtaking () is given by:where:
m/s (speed of the truck)
m (initial and final spacing)
m/s (acceleration)The time taken for overtaking () is:Now, calculate :Thus, the total distance covered by the car is 72 m.46
Q46MCQ2 marksEasyA level instrument at a height of 1.320 m has been placed at a station having a Reduced Level (RL) of 112.565 m. The instrument reads m on a levelling staff held at the…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A level instrument at a height of 1.320 m has been placed at a station having a Reduced Level (RL) of 112.565 m. The instrument reads m on a levelling staff held at the bottom of a bridge deck. The RL (in m) of the bottom of the bridge deck isCorrect answer
(A) 116.720
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1.Calculate the Height of Instrument (HI):2.Calculate the RL of the bottom of the bridge deck:Since the staff is held at the bottom of the deck (inverted staff), the reading is given as negative.Thus, the correct option is (A).47
Q47NAT2 marksEasyThe value (up to two decimal places) of a line integral , for along …Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The value (up to two decimal places) of a line integral , for along which is a straight line joining to is ______Correct answer
0.6 to 0.7
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Given the vector field . The line integral is defined as:The path is a straight line joining to . The equation of this line is , which implies . Substituting these into the integral:Evaluating the integral:Rounding to two decimal places, we get . This value falls within the specified range of to .48
Q48NAT2 marksHardAn 8 m long simply-supported elastic beam of rectangular cross-section (100 mm 200 mm) is subjected to a uniformly distributed load of 10 kN/m over its entire span. The…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
An 8 m long simply-supported elastic beam of rectangular cross-section (100 mm 200 mm) is subjected to a uniformly distributed load of 10 kN/m over its entire span. The maximum principal stress (in MPa, up to two decimal places) at a point located at the extreme compression edge of a cross-section and at 2 m from the support is ______Correct answer
0 to 0
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1.Calculate Bending Moment at 2 m from support:For a simply supported beam with UDL kN/m and span m, the reaction at each support is kN.
Bending moment at m: kNm.2.Calculate Bending Stress at extreme compression edge:Cross-section: mm, mm.
Moment of Inertia mm.
Distance to extreme edge mm.
Bending stress MPa.
Since it's the compression edge, MPa.3.Calculate Principal Stresses:At the extreme edge, shear stress .
The principal stresses are .
With MPa, , and , the principal stresses are and MPa.
The maximum principal stress (algebraically) is MPa.49
Q49NAT2 marksMediumA prismatic beam P-Q-R of flexural rigidity kNm is subjected to a moment of 180 kNm at Q as shown in the figure. [figure] The rotation at Q (in rad, up to…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A prismatic beam P-Q-R of flexural rigidity kNm is subjected to a moment of 180 kNm at Q as shown in the figure.The rotation at Q (in rad, up to two decimal places) is ______
Correct answer
0.01 to 0.01
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The beam is fixed at P and R. When a moment is applied at joint Q, it is resisted by the stiffness of members PQ and QR.
Stiffness of member PQ ( m): .
Stiffness of member QR ( m): .
Total stiffness at joint Q: .
The rotation at Q is given by .
Given kNm,
rad.50
Q50NAT2 marksMediumA prismatic propped cantilever beam of span and plastic moment capacity is subjected to a concentrated load at its mid-span. If the collapse load of the beam is…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A prismatic propped cantilever beam of span and plastic moment capacity is subjected to a concentrated load at its mid-span. If the collapse load of the beam is , the value of is ______Correct answer
6 to 6
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For a propped cantilever beam with a concentrated load at mid-span, the collapse mechanism involves the formation of plastic hinges at the fixed support and under the point load.
Let be the rotation at the fixed support. By geometry, the rotation under the load is and the rotation at the prop is .
Internal work done, .
External work done, .
Equating internal and external work:
.
Given , we find .51
Q51NAT2 marksHardA 6 m long simply-supported beam is prestressed as shown in the figure. The beam carries a uniformly distributed load of 6 kN/m over its entire span. If the effective flexural…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A 6 m long simply-supported beam is prestressed as shown in the figure. The beam carries a uniformly distributed load of 6 kN/m over its entire span. If the effective flexural rigidity and the effective prestressing force is 200 kN, the net increase in length of the prestressing cable (in mm, up to two decimal places) is ______Correct answer
0.1 to 0.12
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The net increase in length of the prestressing cable, , is equal to the total change in length of the concrete at the level of the cable due to the applied external load. This is calculated by integrating the strain in the concrete at the cable level over the span of the beam.1.Bending Moment due to UDL:For a simply supported beam of length with a uniformly distributed load , the bending moment at any section is:2.Strain at Cable Level:The strain in the concrete at the level of the cable (eccentricity ) is given by:3.Total Increase in Length:4.Calculation:Given:
Substituting the values:Note: The official GATE answer key provides a range of 0.10 to 0.12. This range is typically associated with a parabolic cable profile where the eccentricity varies. For a parabolic cable with at midspan and at supports, the integral results in . The specific value of 0.11 mm is accepted as the correct answer for this problem in the official key.52
Q52NAT2 marksMediumA cable PQ of length 25 m is supported at two ends at the same level as shown in the figure. The horizontal distance between the supports is 20 m. A point load of 150 kN is…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A cable PQ of length 25 m is supported at two ends at the same level as shown in the figure. The horizontal distance between the supports is 20 m. A point load of 150 kN is applied at point R which divides it into two equal parts.Neglecting the self-weight of the cable, the tension (in kN, in integer value) in the cable due to the applied load will be ______
Correct answer
125 to 125
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Given cable length and horizontal span .
Since the load is at the midpoint R, the cable is symmetric.
Length of segment .
Horizontal distance from P to R is .
Let be the vertical sag at R. From Pythagoras theorem:
.
Let be the tension in the cable. Resolving forces vertically at R:
, where .
.53
Q53NAT2 marksEasyThe compression curve (void ratio, vs. effective stress, ) for a certain clayey soil is a straight line in a semi-logarithmic plot and it passes through the points…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The compression curve (void ratio, vs. effective stress, ) for a certain clayey soil is a straight line in a semi-logarithmic plot and it passes through the points (; kPa) and (; kPa). The compression index (up to two decimal places) of the soil is ______Correct answer
0.45 to 0.55
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The compression index () is the slope of the vs. curve:Given:
kPa
kPaRounding to two decimal places, .54
Q54NAT2 marksHardThe total horizontal and vertical stresses at a point X in a saturated sandy medium are 170 kPa and 300 kPa, respectively. The static pore-water pressure is 30 kPa. At failure,…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The total horizontal and vertical stresses at a point X in a saturated sandy medium are 170 kPa and 300 kPa, respectively. The static pore-water pressure is 30 kPa. At failure, the excess pore-water pressure is measured to be 94.50 kPa, and the shear stresses on the vertical and horizontal planes passing through the point X are zero. Effective cohesion is 0 kPa and effective angle of internal friction is . The shear strength (in kPa, up to two decimal places) at point X is ______Correct answer
51.5 to 53.5
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1.Calculate effective stresses at failure:Total pore water pressure kPa.
Effective vertical stress kPa.
Effective horizontal stress kPa.
Since shear stresses on these planes are zero, they are principal stresses: kPa and kPa.2.Calculate shear strength at failure:For , the shear strength on the failure plane is:Rounding to two decimal places, kPa.55
Q55NAT2 marksHardA group of nine piles in a square pattern is embedded in a soil strata comprising dense sand underlying recently filled clay layer, as shown in the figure. The…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A group of nine piles in a square pattern is embedded in a soil strata comprising dense sand underlying recently filled clay layer, as shown in the figure. The perimeter of an individual pile is 126 cm. The size of pile group is 240 cm 240 cm. The recently filled clay has undrained shear strength of 15 kPa and unit weight of 16 kN/m.The negative frictional load (in kN, up to two decimal places) acting on the pile group is ______
Correct answer
472 to 472.5
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Negative skin friction for a pile group is the maximum of individual action and block action.1.Individual action ():2.Block action ():
Where and
Negative frictional load = .56
Q56NAT2 marksMediumA three-fluid system (immiscible) is connected to a vacuum pump. The specific gravity values of the fluids (, ) are given in the figure. [figure] Unit weight of water,…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A three-fluid system (immiscible) is connected to a vacuum pump. The specific gravity values of the fluids (, ) are given in the figure.Unit weight of water, kN/m
Atmospheric Pressure, kPaThe gauge pressure value (in kN/m, up to two decimal places) of is ______Correct answer
-9
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From the hydrostatic pressure distribution, we can equate the pressure at the bottom (level 0 m) from both the side tubes and the main tank.From the side tubes (open to atmosphere at 1.0 m level):
From the main tank:
Equating the two expressions for :
The gauge pressure :
Substituting the given values (, , kN/m):
Rounding to two decimal places, the gauge pressure is kN/m.57
Q57NAT2 marksMediumThe total rainfall in a catchment of area 1000 km, during a 6 h storm, is 19 cm. The surface runoff due to this storm computed from triangular direct runoff hydrograph is…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The total rainfall in a catchment of area 1000 km, during a 6 h storm, is 19 cm. The surface runoff due to this storm computed from triangular direct runoff hydrograph is m. The for this storm (in cm/h, up to one decimal place) is ______Correct answer
1.5 to 1.5
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1.Calculate the runoff depth ():2.Given total rainfall () = 19 cm and storm duration () = 6 h.3.Calculate the :58
Q58NAT2 marksMediumA rough pipe of diameter, length and roughness height of , carries water (kinematic viscosity…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A rough pipe of diameter, length and roughness height of , carries water (kinematic viscosity ) with velocity of . Friction factor () for laminar flow is given by , and for turbulent flow it is given by where, , , and . The head loss (in m, up to three decimal places) in the pipe due to friction is ______Correct answer
4.5 to 4.7
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1.Calculate the Reynolds number ():Given:- Diameter () =
- Velocity () =
- Kinematic viscosity () =
2.Calculate the friction factor ():Given the formula for turbulent flow:
Where:- Radius () =
- Roughness height () =
3.Calculate the head loss () using the Darcy-Weisbach equation:Given:- Length () =
59
Q59NAT2 marksEasyA flocculation tank contains of water, which is mixed using paddles at an average velocity gradient of . The water temperature and the…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A flocculation tank contains of water, which is mixed using paddles at an average velocity gradient of . The water temperature and the corresponding dynamic viscosity are and , respectively. The theoretical power required to achieve the stated value of (in kW, up to two decimal places) is ______Correct answer
14 to 15
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The theoretical power required () in a flocculation tank is given by the formula:Where:- (velocity gradient)
- (dynamic viscosity)
- (volume of water)
60
Q60NAT2 marksMediumA coal containing 2% sulfur is burned completely to ash in a brick kiln at a rate of 30 kg/min. The sulfur content in the ash was found to be 6% of the initial amount of sulfur…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A coal containing 2% sulfur is burned completely to ash in a brick kiln at a rate of 30 kg/min. The sulfur content in the ash was found to be 6% of the initial amount of sulfur present in the coal fed to the brick kiln. The molecular weights of S, H and O are 32, 1 and 16 g/mole, respectively. The annual rate of sulfur dioxide (SO) emission from the kiln (in tonnes/year, up to two decimal places) is ______Correct answer
590 to 595
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1.Calculate the rate of sulfur input:Coal feed rate = 30 kg/min
Sulfur content = 2% of 30 kg/min = kg/min2.Calculate sulfur retained in ash:Sulfur in ash = 6% of initial sulfur = kg/min3.Calculate sulfur emitted as SO:Sulfur emitted = Initial sulfur - Sulfur in ash = kg/min4.Calculate SO emission rate:Reaction:
Molecular weight of S = 32 g/mol
Molecular weight of SO = g/mol
Mass of SO emitted = kg/min5.Calculate annual emission rate:Minutes in a year = min/year
Annual SO emission = kg/year6.Convert to tonnes/year:Annual emission = tonnes/yearRounding to two decimal places, the annual rate is 592.88 tonnes/year.61
Q61NAT2 marksMediumAt a small water treatment plant which has 4 filters, the rates of filtration and backwashing are and , respectively.…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
At a small water treatment plant which has 4 filters, the rates of filtration and backwashing are and , respectively. Backwashing is done for per day. The maturation, which occurs initially as the filter is put back into service after cleaning, takes . It is proposed to recover the water being wasted during backwashing and maturation. The percentage increase in the filtered water produced (up to two decimal places) would be ______Correct answer
7.75 to 7.95
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Let be the area of one filter.
Total time in a day = .1.Current Water Production:Effective filtration time = .
Water produced = Rate Area Time fraction
2.Water Wasted:- During backwashing:
- During maturation:
3.Percentage Increase:Rounding to two decimal places, we get .62
Q62NAT2 marksHardA schematic flow diagram of a completely mixed biological reactor with provision for recycling of solids is shown in the figure. [figure]…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A schematic flow diagram of a completely mixed biological reactor with provision for recycling of solids is shown in the figure.
The mean cell residence time (in days, up to one decimal place) is ______.Correct answer
7.5 to 7.5
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The mean cell residence time () is given by the formula:Where:- is the volume of the aeration tank.
- is the MLVSS in the aeration tank.
- is the influent flow rate.
- is the waste sludge flow rate.
- is the effluent microorganism concentration.
- is the underflow microorganism concentration.
- Detention time
63
Q63NAT2 marksEasyThe space mean speed (kmph) and density (vehicles/km) of a traffic stream are linearly related. The free flow speed and jam density are 80 kmph and 100 vehicles/km respectively.…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The space mean speed (kmph) and density (vehicles/km) of a traffic stream are linearly related. The free flow speed and jam density are 80 kmph and 100 vehicles/km respectively. The traffic flow (in vehicles/h, up to one decimal place) corresponding to a speed of 40 kmph is ______.Correct answer
2000 to 2000
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The relationship between space mean speed () and density () is linear (Greenshields model):Where:- is the free flow speed = 80 kmph
- is the jam density = 100 vehicles/km
First, find the density at :The traffic flow is given by:Thus, the traffic flow is 2000.0 vehicles/h.64
Q64NAT2 marksMediumA 7.5 m wide two-lane road on a plain terrain is to be laid along a horizontal curve of radius 510 m. For a design speed of 100 kmph, super-elevation is provided as per IRC:…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A 7.5 m wide two-lane road on a plain terrain is to be laid along a horizontal curve of radius 510 m. For a design speed of 100 kmph, super-elevation is provided as per IRC: 73-1980. Consider acceleration due to gravity as . The level difference between the inner and outer edges of the road (in m, up to three decimal places) is ______.Correct answer
0.52 to 0.53
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Given:- Width of road () = 7.5 m
- Radius of curve () = 510 m
- Design speed () = 100 kmph
65
Q65NAT2 marksEasyAn aerial photograph of a terrain having an average elevation of 1400 m is taken at a scale of 1:7500. The focal length of the camera is 15 cm. The altitude of the flight above…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
An aerial photograph of a terrain having an average elevation of 1400 m is taken at a scale of 1:7500. The focal length of the camera is 15 cm. The altitude of the flight above mean sea level (in m, up to one decimal place) is ______Correct answer
2520 to 2530
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The scale of an aerial photograph is determined by the relationship between the focal length of the camera and the height of the camera above the terrain. The formula for the scale () is:Where:- is the focal length of the camera.
- is the flying height (altitude) of the aircraft above mean sea level (MSL).
- is the average elevation of the terrain above MSL.
- Scale () =
- Focal length () =
- Average elevation () =
1.Substitute the known values into the scale formula:2.Cross-multiply to solve for :3.Solve for :The altitude of the flight above mean sea level is .