GATE CE 2014 Set 1 — Question 16

MCQ+1 / -0.33EasyLimit State DesignSteel Member DesignStructural EngineeringPlastic Analysis (Beams)Connections & Plastic Analysis

Structural Engineering → Connections & Plastic Analysis → Limit State Design

Last updated 5 September 2026

Question

Match the information given in Group - I with those in Group - II. Group - I Group - II P Factor to decrease ultimate strength to design strength 1 Upper bound on ultimate load Q Factor to increase working load to ultimate load for design 2 Lower bound on ultimate load R Statical method of ultimate load analysis 3 Material partial safety factor S Kinematical mechanism method of ultimate load analysis 4 Load factor

Group – I	Group – II
P Factor to decrease ultimate strength to design strength	1 Upper bound on ultimate load
Q Factor to increase working load to ultimate load for design	2 Lower bound on ultimate load
R Statical method of ultimate load analysis	3 Material partial safety factor
S Kinematical mechanism method of ultimate load analysis	4 Load factor

Correct answer (C) P - 3; Q - 4; R - 2; S - 1 Solution Matching the concepts from structural design and plastic analysis: P (Factor to decrease ultimate strength to design strength): In limit state design, the design strength is obtained by dividing the characteristic (ultimate) strength by a Material partial safety factor (3). Thus, P matches with 3. Q (Factor to increase working load to ultimate load for design): The Load factor (4) is the ratio of the ultimate load to the working load. It is used to increase the working load to the design ultimate load. Thus, Q matches with 4. R (Statical method of ultimate load analysis): According to the lower bound theorem of plastic analysis, the statical method provides a Lower bound on ultimate load (2). Thus, R matches with 2. S (Kinematical mechanism method of ultimate load analysis): According to the upper bound theorem of plastic analysis, the kinematical (mechanism) method provides an Upper bound on ultimate load (1). Thus, S matches with 1. The correct combination is P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1, which corresponds to option (C). Turn this into a strength. Explore AI-powered practice and doubt support with Success Tracker.

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Correct answer (C) P - 3; Q - 4; R - 2; S - 1 Solution Matching the concepts from structural design and plastic analysis: P (Factor to decrease ultimate strength to design strength): In limit state design, the design strength is obtained by dividing the characteristic (ultimate) strength by a Material partial safety factor (3). Thus, P matches with 3. Q (Factor to increase working load to ultimate load for design): The Load factor (4) is the ratio of the ultimate load to the working load. It is used to increase the working load to the design ultimate load. Thus, Q matches with 4. R (Statical method of ultimate load analysis): According to the lower bound theorem of plastic analysis, the statical method provides a Lower bound on ultimate load (2). Thus, R matches with 2. S (Kinematical mechanism method of ultimate load analysis): According to the upper bound theorem of plastic analysis, the kinematical (mechanism) method provides an Upper bound on ultimate load (1). Thus, S matches with 1. The correct combination is P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1, which corresponds to option (C).

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