GATE EC 2016 Set 2 — Question 50
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Analog Circuits → Diode Circuits → Clipping Circuits
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Question
In the opamp circuit shown, the Zener diodes and clamp the output voltage to or . The switch is initially closed and is opened at time .
The time (in seconds) at which changes state is ________
Correct answer
0.7 to 0.9
Solution
1.Identify the circuit configuration: The circuit is a Schmitt trigger (comparator with positive feedback) with an RC timing circuit connected to the inverting input. The non-inverting terminal voltage is determined by the output through a voltage divider: .
2.Determine threshold voltages: Since is clamped to , the threshold voltages are .
3.Initial state (): The switch is closed, connecting the inverting terminal to . Since is greater than any possible , the output must be at its negative saturation level, . Thus, .
4.Transient state (): When the switch opens at , the capacitor begins to discharge from its initial voltage of towards the target voltage of through the resistor. The time constant is .
5.Voltage equation: The voltage at the inverting terminal is given by .
6.Switching condition: The output will change state when crosses the threshold .
7.Calculation: Set :
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