GATE EE 2014 Set 3 — Question 32
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Analog & Digital Electronics → Operational Amplifiers → Comparator & Schmitt Trigger
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Question
An operational-amplifier circuit is shown in the figure. The output of the circuit for a given input is
Correct answer
(D) +Vₛₐₜ or -Vₛₐₜ
Solution
The given circuit consists of two operational amplifiers.
1.First Stage Analysis: The first op-amp has its feedback resistor connected to the non-inverting terminal (+). This indicates a positive feedback configuration. A positive feedback op-amp circuit acts as a Schmitt trigger (a comparator with hysteresis). In this mode, the op-amp does not operate in the linear region; its output will always be saturated at either the positive supply rail or the negative supply rail , depending on the input and the previous state.
2.Second Stage Analysis: The second op-amp is configured as an inverting amplifier with a gain of . The final output is given by:
3.Conclusion: Since can only take the values or , the final output will also be restricted to the values or . Therefore, the output is always or . Option (D) is correct.
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