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GATE EE 2024 Set 1
All 65 solved GATE EE 2024 Set 1 questions in exam order. Open a question, commit to an answer, and learn from the step-by-step solution. One question at a time.
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General Aptitude (GA)
101
Q1MCQ1 markMediumIf ‘→’ denotes increasing order of intensity, then the meaning of the words [talk → shout → scream] is analogous to [please → ________ → pander]. Which one of the given options is…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
If ‘→’ denotes increasing order of intensity, then the meaning of the words
[talk → shout → scream] is analogous to [please → ________ → pander].
Which one of the given options is appropriate to fill the blank?Correct answer
(A) flatter
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The given sequence [talk → shout → scream] represents an increasing order of intensity of vocal expression.- Talk: To speak in order to give information or express ideas.
- Shout: To speak very loudly.
- Scream: To give a long, loud, piercing cry.
- Please: To cause to feel happy and satisfied.
- Flatter: To praise someone excessively or insincerely, usually to get something from them (higher intensity than just pleasing).
- Pander: To gratify or indulge an immoral or distasteful desire or habit (highest intensity of gratification/pleasing).
2
Q2MCQ1 markEasyand have been allotted a hostel room with two beds, a study table, and an almirah. is an avid bird-watcher and wants to sit at the table and watch birds outside the…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
and have been allotted a hostel room with two beds, a study table, and an almirah. is an avid bird-watcher and wants to sit at the table and watch birds outside the window. does not mind that as long as his bed is close to the ceiling fan. Which one of the following arrangements suits them the most?Correct answer
(A) [figure]
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Based on the requirements:1.P's requirement: Wants to sit at the table and watch birds outside the window. This means the Table must be placed directly in front of or adjacent to the Window.2.Q's requirement: Wants his bed close to the ceiling fan. This means Bed Q must be positioned directly under or very near the Fan.Evaluating the options:- Option (A): The Table is next to the Window, and Bed Q is directly under the Fan. This satisfies both conditions.
- Option (B): The Table is next to the Window, but Bed Q is far from the Fan.
- Option (C): The Almirah is next to the Window, not the Table.
- Option (D): Bed P is next to the Window, and the Table is far away.
3
Q3MCQ1 markEasyThe decimal number system uses the characters 0, 1, 2, …, 8, 9, and the octal number system uses the characters 0, 1, 2, …, 6, 7. For example, the decimal number…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The decimal number system uses the characters 0, 1, 2, …, 8, 9, and the octal number system uses the characters 0, 1, 2, …, 6, 7. For example, the decimal number is expressed as in the octal number system.The decimal number 108 in the octal number system isCorrect answer
(D) 154
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To convert the decimal number 108 to the octal number system, we perform successive division by 8 and record the remainders:1. with a remainder of 4.2. with a remainder of 5.3. with a remainder of 1.Reading the remainders from bottom to top, we get 154.Verification:
.Thus, the decimal number 108 is 154 in octal.4
Q4MCQ1 markEasyA shopkeeper buys shirts from a producer and sells them at 20% profit. A customer has to pay ₹3,186.00 including 18% taxes, per shirt. At what price did the shopkeeper buy each…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A shopkeeper buys shirts from a producer and sells them at 20% profit. A customer has to pay ₹3,186.00 including 18% taxes, per shirt. At what price did the shopkeeper buy each shirt from the producer?Correct answer
(C) ₹2,250.00
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Let the cost price for the shopkeeper be .
The shopkeeper sells it at a 20% profit, so the selling price before tax is:The customer pays this price plus 18% tax:Given that the customer pays ₹3,186.00:Therefore, the shopkeeper bought each shirt for ₹2,250.00.5
Q5MCQ1 markEasyIf, for non-zero real variables , , and real parameter , then, the ratio isThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
If, for non-zero real variables , , and real parameter ,then, the ratio isCorrect answer
(A) 2a: (a² + 1)
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Given .
We need to find the ratio .
Dividing the numerator and denominator by , we get:Substituting :Expanding the squares:So the ratio is .6
Q6MCQ2 marksMediumIn the given text, the blanks are numbered (i)−(iv). Select the best match for all the blanks. Following a row (i) the shopkeeper (ii) the price of a frying pan, the cook stood…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
In the given text, the blanks are numbered (i)−(iv). Select the best match for all the blanks.Following a row (i) the shopkeeper (ii) the price of a frying pan, the cook stood (iii) a row to withdraw cash (iv) the ATM booth.Correct answer
(C) (i) with (ii) over (iii) in (iv) at
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The sentence requires appropriate prepositions based on context:1."Following a row with the shopkeeper": Here, 'row' means an argument. One has a row with someone.2."**over** the price of a frying pan": One has a row over a subject or topic.3."the cook stood in a row": Here, 'row' means a queue. One stands in a row/queue.4."to withdraw cash at the ATM booth": 'At' is used to denote a specific point or location.Matching these with the options, (C) is the correct choice.7
Q7MCQ2 marksMediumIn the following figure, , , , , and Points create a…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
In the following figure,
, , ,
, and
Points create a rhombus.
The length of (in cm) is
Correct answer
(A) 3
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In a rhombus , the diagonals and bisect each other at right angles. Let the intersection point be .
Given , this is consistent with being the intersection of diagonals and where .
In , , (side of rhombus), and .
By Pythagoras theorem, .
Since lies on and , the length .
In a rhombus, the diagonals bisect each other, so .8
Q8MCQ2 marksEasyThe chart below shows the data of the number of cars bought by Millennials and Gen X people in a country from the year 2010 to 2020 as well as the yearly fuel consumption of the…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The chart below shows the data of the number of cars bought by Millennials and Gen X people in a country from the year 2010 to 2020 as well as the yearly fuel consumption of the country (in Million liters).
Considering the data presented in the chart, which one of the following options is true?Correct answer
(C) The increase in the number of Millennial car buyers from 2010 to 2015 is more than the decrease in the number of Gen X car buyers from 2010 to 2015.
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From the chart:- Millennial car buyers in 2010 , in 2015 . Increase .
- Gen X car buyers in 2010 , in 2015 . Decrease .
9
Q9MCQ2 marksMediumThe assembly shown below has three teethed circular objects (Pinions) and two teethed flat objects (Racks), which are perfectly mating with each other. Pinions can only rotate…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The assembly shown below has three teethed circular objects (Pinions) and two teethed flat objects (Racks), which are perfectly mating with each other. Pinions can only rotate clockwise or anti-clockwise staying at its own center. Racks can translate towards the left () or the right () direction.
If the object A (Rack) is translating towards the right () direction, the correct statement among the following isCorrect answer
(B) Object B translates towards the left direction.
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1.Rack A moves Right ().2.Rack A is in mesh with Pinion P. Moving A right causes Pinion P to rotate Clockwise (CW).3.Pinion P is in mesh with Pinion Q. P (CW) causes Pinion Q to rotate Anti-Clockwise (ACW).4.Pinion Q is in mesh with Pinion R. Q (ACW) causes Pinion R to rotate Clockwise (CW).5.Pinion R is in mesh with Rack B. Pinion R rotating Clockwise (CW) pushes Rack B towards the Left ().Therefore, Object B translates towards the left direction.10
Q10MCQ2 marksMediumA surveyor has to measure the horizontal distance from her position to a distant reference point . Using her position as the center, a horizontal line segment is…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A surveyor has to measure the horizontal distance from her position to a distant reference point . Using her position as the center, a horizontal line segment is drawn with the two endpoints and . Points , , and are not collinear. Each of the angles and are measured as . The distance (in m) of the reference point from her position is nearest toCorrect answer
(A) 2603
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Let the surveyor's position be . Since is the center of the segment , is the midpoint of , so .
In , we are given . Since the base angles are equal, is an isosceles triangle with .
In an isosceles triangle, the altitude from the vertex to the base bisects the base. Therefore, .
In the right-angled triangle :Using :The distance from her position to the reference point is approximately .
Electrical Engineering (EE)
5511
Q11MCQ1 markEasyWhich one of the following matrices has an inverse?Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Which one of the following matrices has an inverse?Correct answer
(C) bmatrix 1 & 4 & 8 \ 0 & 4 & 2 \ 1 & 2 & 4 bmatrix
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A matrix has an inverse if and only if its determinant is non-zero.
(A) In this matrix, . Since rows are linearly dependent, the determinant is .
(B) In this matrix, . Since rows are linearly dependent, the determinant is .
(D) In this matrix, . Since rows are linearly dependent, the determinant is .
(C) Let's calculate the determinant of matrix C:Since , matrix (C) has an inverse.12
Q12MCQ1 markMediumThe number of junctions in the circuit is [figure]Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The number of junctions in the circuit is
Correct answer
(A) 6
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A junction (also known as a principal node) is defined as a point in an electrical circuit where three or more circuit elements or branches are connected.By inspecting the given circuit diagram, we can identify the following junctions:1.Top-Middle Node: Connects two resistors and one vertical capacitor branch (3 branches).2.Left-Middle Node: Connects one capacitor, one inductor, and one horizontal capacitor branch (3 branches).3.Bottom-Middle Node: Connects one capacitor, one resistor, and one vertical resistor branch (3 branches).4.Top-Right Node: Connects a resistor, an inductor, and the outer capacitor branch (3 branches).5.Bottom-Right Node: Connects a resistor, an inductor, and the outer capacitor branch (3 branches).6.Central/Right-Middle Node: This is a single electrical node. It includes the central cross-point (connecting the horizontal capacitor and two vertical resistors) and the connection point on the right vertical branch (connecting two inductors). Since these points are connected by an ideal wire with no intervening elements, they constitute a single junction (connecting 4-5 branches in total).Counting these distinct points, the total number of junctions is .Therefore, the correct option is (A).13
Q13MCQ1 markMediumAll the elements in the circuit are ideal. The power delivered by the 10 V source in watts is ![Circuit diagram with 10V source, resistors , , …Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
All the elements in the circuit are ideal. The power delivered by the 10 V source in watts is![Circuit diagram with 10V source, resistors , , and 10A current source]
Correct answer
(A) 0
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Let the node between the , , and resistors be . Applying KCL at node (assuming the 10A source points upwards as shown in the figure):The current delivered by the 10 V source is .
Power delivered .14
Q14MCQ1 markMediumThe circuit shown in the figure with the switch open, is in steady state. After the switch is closed, the time constant of the circuit in seconds is [figure]Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The circuit shown in the figure with the switch open, is in steady state. After the switch is closed, the time constant of the circuit in seconds is
Correct answer
(A) 1.25
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To find the time constant , we deactivate the independent current source (open circuit) and close the switch . The circuit then consists of resistors and inductors. By calculating the equivalent resistance and inductance seen by the energy storage elements in the resulting network, the time constant is found to be 1.25 seconds.15
Q15MCQ1 markEasySuppose signal is obtained by the time-reversal of signal , i.e., . Which one of the following options is always true for the…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Suppose signal is obtained by the time-reversal of signal , i.e., . Which one of the following options is always true for the convolution of and ?Correct answer
(A) It is an even signal.
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Let .
By definition of convolution:To check if is even, find :Let :Since , the signal is even.16
Q16MCQ1 markMediumIf is the unit step function, then the region of convergence (ROC) of the Laplace transform of the signal isThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
If is the unit step function, then the region of convergence (ROC) of the Laplace transform of the signal isCorrect answer
(A) -∞ < Re(s) < ∞
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The signal is a finite-duration signal, as it is non-zero only for the interval . For any finite-duration signal that is absolutely integrable, the region of convergence (ROC) of its Laplace transform is the entire -plane. Since is a continuous and bounded function on the closed interval , the signal is absolutely integrable: Therefore, the ROC is .17
Q17MCQ1 markEasyA three phase, 50 Hz, 6 pole induction motor runs at 960 rpm. The stator copper loss, core loss, and the rotational loss of the motor can be neglected. The percentage efficiency…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A three phase, 50 Hz, 6 pole induction motor runs at 960 rpm. The stator copper loss, core loss, and the rotational loss of the motor can be neglected. The percentage efficiency of the motor isCorrect answer
(C) 96
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1.Calculate the synchronous speed ():2.Calculate the slip ():3.Calculate the efficiency ():Since stator and rotational losses are neglected, the efficiency is approximately equal to the ratio of mechanical power developed to the air-gap power:
Thus, the percentage efficiency is 96.18
Q18MCQ1 markMediumWhich one of the following options represents possible voltage polarities in a single phase two winding transformer? Here, is the applied primary voltage, is the…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Which one of the following options represents possible voltage polarities in a single phase two winding transformer? Here, is the applied primary voltage, is the induced primary voltage, is the open circuit secondary voltage, and is the induced secondary voltage.Correct answer
(B) [figure]
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The dot convention for a transformer states that the induced EMFs in the primary and secondary windings will have the same polarity at the dotted terminals.1.Dot Convention Analysis: In Option (B), the primary dot is at the bottom and the secondary dot is at the top. The induced primary EMF is shown with a '+' at the bottom (dotted terminal), and the induced secondary EMF is shown with a '+' at the top (dotted terminal). This satisfies the dot convention as both induced voltages are positive at their respective dots.2.Terminal Voltage Definitions: In a standard transformer model, the applied primary voltage is approximately equal to the induced primary EMF (), and the open-circuit secondary terminal voltage is equal to the induced secondary EMF (). In Option (B), is defined with the same polarity as , and is defined with the same polarity as .3.Comparison with other options:- In Option (A), is '+' at the top (no dot) while is '+' at the top (no dot, but dot is at bottom). This violates the dot convention.
- In Option (C), while the induced EMFs and satisfy the dot convention, the applied voltage is defined with opposite polarity to (), which is a non-standard representation.
- In Option (D), is '+' at the bottom (dot) while is '+' at the bottom (no dot). This violates the dot convention.
19
Q19MCQ1 markHardThe figure shows the single line diagram of a 4-bus power network. Branches and have impedances and per-unit (pu), respectively, where…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The figure shows the single line diagram of a 4-bus power network. Branches and have impedances and per-unit (pu), respectively, where , with and . The current drawn from each load bus (marked as arrows) is equal to pu, where . If the network is to operate with minimum loss, the branch that should be opened is
Correct answer
(C) b₃
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To determine which branch should be opened for minimum power loss, we calculate the total loss for each scenario. The power loss in a branch is given by . Since , the resistance of each branch is proportional to its impedance magnitude. Let .From the diagram, let the currents in branches be respectively. Applying KCL at the buses:1.Left bus:2.Right bus:3.Bottom bus:We evaluate the total loss for each case:- Case (A): Open ()
.- Case (B): Open ()
.- Case (C): Open ()
.- Case (D): Open ()
.Comparing the results, the minimum loss occurs when branch is opened (). Therefore, the correct option is (C).20
Q20MCQ1 markEasyFor the block-diagram shown in the figure, the transfer function is [figure]Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
For the block-diagram shown in the figure, the transfer function is
Correct answer
(D) -(G(s))/(1 - 2G(s))
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Let the output of the first summing point be .
The output of the second summing point is .
Substituting :
.
The output is given by:
.
Rearranging the terms to find the transfer function:
.21
Q21MCQ1 markMediumConsider the standard second-order system of the form with the poles and having negative real parts. The pole…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Consider the standard second-order system of the form with the poles and having negative real parts. The pole locations are also shown in the figure. Now consider two such second-order systems as defined below:System 1: rad/sec and
System 2: rad/sec and Which one of the following statements is correct?
Correct answer
(B) Settling time of System 2 is more than that of System 1.
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The settling time for a standard second-order system (for 2% tolerance) is given by . From the pole-zero plot, the real part of the pole is . Thus, .
For System 1: .
For System 2: .
Since , the settling time of System 1 ( s) is less than the settling time of System 2 ( s). Therefore, the settling time of System 2 is more than that of System 1.22
Q22MCQ1 markMediumConsider the cascaded system as shown in the figure. Neglecting the faster component of the transient response, which one of the following options is a first-order pole-only…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Consider the cascaded system as shown in the figure. Neglecting the faster component of the transient response, which one of the following options is a first-order pole-only approximation such that the steady-state values of the unit step responses of the original and the approximated systems are same?
Correct answer
(B) (2)/(s + 1)
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The transfer function of the cascaded system is given by:The poles of the system are at and . The pole at is much further from the imaginary axis than the pole at , making it the "faster" component of the transient response. Neglecting this faster component means approximating the system with a first-order system having the dominant pole at . Let the approximation be:The steady-state value of the unit step response is determined by the DC gain ().
For the original system:For the approximated system:To ensure the steady-state values are the same, we set . Thus, the approximation is:Therefore, option (B) is correct.23
Q23MCQ1 markEasyThe table lists two instrument transformers and their features: | Instrument Transformers | Features | | :--- | :--- | | X) Current Transformer (CT) | P) Primary is connected in…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The table lists two instrument transformers and their features:The correct matching of the two columns isInstrument Transformers Features X) Current Transformer (CT) P) Primary is connected in parallel to the grid Y) Potential Transformer (PT) Q) Open circuited secondary is not desirable R) Primary current is the line current S) Secondary burden affects the primary current Correct answer
(C) X matches with Q and R; Y matches with P and S.
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1.Current Transformer (CT):- It is connected in series with the line, so the primary current is the line current (R).
- The secondary of a CT should never be open-circuited while the primary is energized because it leads to high core flux density, saturation, and dangerously high secondary voltages (Q).
- Thus, X matches with Q and R.
- It is connected in parallel with the grid to measure voltage (P).
- Unlike a CT, the secondary burden (load) of a PT directly affects the primary current drawn from the line (S).
- Thus, Y matches with P and S.
24
Q24MCQ1 markMediumSimplified form of the Boolean function isThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
Simplified form of the Boolean function isCorrect answer
(A) PS + QS
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Given Boolean function:Step 1: Simplify the last two terms using the distributive law:So, .Step 2: Use a K-map to find the prime implicants. The minterms are:- covers cells 0, 1, 2, 3.
- covers cells 5, 7.
- covers cells 8, 10.
- Group 1 (cells 1, 3, 5, 7):
- Group 2 (cells 0, 2, 8, 10):
25
Q25MCQ1 markEasyIn the circuit, the present value of is 1. Neglecting the delay in the combinatorial circuit, the values of and , respectively, after the application of the clock will…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
In the circuit, the present value of is 1. Neglecting the delay in the combinatorial circuit, the values of and , respectively, after the application of the clock will be![A logic circuit diagram showing a combinatorial circuit block and a D flip-flop. The combinatorial circuit has inputs , , and a feedback input . Its output is . This output is connected to the input of a D flip-flop. The output of the flip-flop is .]
Correct answer
(C) S = 1, Z = 0
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1.Analyze the Combinatorial Circuit: The output is defined by the XOR operation of its inputs: .2.Initial State: We are given , , and the present value of .3.Calculate Initial : Before the clock edge, the value of is:4.Flip-Flop Input: The input to the D flip-flop is . Therefore, just before the clock edge.5.Clock Application: On the application of the clock edge, the D flip-flop captures its input and updates its output . Thus, the new value of becomes:6.Update : Since the delay in the combinatorial circuit is neglected, updates immediately based on the new value of :7.Conclusion: After the clock application, the values are and . This matches option (C).26
Q26MCQ1 markEasyTo obtain the Boolean function , the inputs in the figure should be [figure]Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
To obtain the Boolean function , the inputs in the figure should be
Correct answer
(B) 1110
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1.The output of a 4:1 Multiplexer with select lines and is given by:2.The target Boolean function is .3.Expand the target function to include all minterms of and :4.Rearrange to match the standard MUX output form:5.Comparing the coefficients:
6.Thus, the inputs must be .27
Q27MCQ1 markEasyIf the following switching devices have similar power ratings, which one of them is the fastest?Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
If the following switching devices have similar power ratings, which one of them is the fastest?Correct answer
(D) Power MOSFET
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Power MOSFETs are unipolar, majority-carrier devices. Because they do not rely on minority carrier injection and subsequent recombination (which causes storage time delays in bipolar devices like SCRs, GTOs, and IGBTs), they have the highest switching speeds and can operate at much higher frequencies (typically in the hundreds of kHz to MHz range).28
Q28MCQ1 markMediumA single-phase triac based AC voltage controller feeds a series RL load. The input AC supply is 230 V, 50 Hz. The values of R and L are 10 and 18.37 mH, respectively. The…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A single-phase triac based AC voltage controller feeds a series RL load. The input AC supply is 230 V, 50 Hz. The values of R and L are 10 and 18.37 mH, respectively. The minimum triggering angle of the triac to obtain controllable output voltage isCorrect answer
(B) 30°
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The given parameters are:
Resistance
Inductance
Supply frequency First, calculate the angular frequency :
Next, calculate the inductive reactance :
For a series RL load, the impedance angle is given by:
For a triac-based AC voltage controller feeding an RL load, the minimum triggering angle (also known as the extinction angle or firing angle limit) to obtain controllable output voltage is equal to the impedance angle of the load. If the triggering angle is less than , the triac will not turn on until the voltage across it reaches a certain level, which is effectively .Therefore, the minimum triggering angle is .The final answer is .29
Q29MSQ1 markMediumLet be a discrete random variable that is uniformly distributed over the set . Which of the following random variables is/are uniformly…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Let be a discrete random variable that is uniformly distributed over the set . Which of the following random variables is/are uniformly distributed?Correct answer
(B) X³; (D) (X+10)²
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Let . The set contains distinct values. Since is uniformly distributed over , for each .A random variable is uniformly distributed if all its possible values have the same probability.(A) Consider .
Possible values for are , , , ..., .
For , .
For , .
Since , is not uniformly distributed.(B) Consider .
Possible values for are , , ..., , ..., , .
For any , if , then . This means that each value in maps to a unique value in the set of values.
Therefore, for each in the set of values, where . Since for all , for all in its range. Thus, is uniformly distributed.(C) Consider .
Let . The values for are .
for each in its range.
Now consider .
For , .
For , .
Since , is not uniformly distributed.(D) Consider .
Let . The values for are .
for each in its range. So is uniformly distributed over .
Now consider .
Possible values for are , , , ..., .
For any , if , then (since is non-negative).
Therefore, each value in the set maps to a unique value in the set of values.
For each in the set of values, where . Since for all , for all in its range. Thus, is uniformly distributed.Both (B) and (D) are uniformly distributed.The final answer is .30
Q30MSQ1 markEasyWhich of the following complex functions is/are analytic on the complex plane?Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Which of the following complex functions is/are analytic on the complex plane?Correct answer
(D) f(z) = z² - z
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A complex function is analytic if it satisfies the Cauchy-Riemann (CR) equations:
and .
Let .(A) .
Here, and .
, . (First CR equation satisfied)
, .
Since , the second CR equation is not satisfied. Thus, is not analytic.(B) .
Here, and .
, . (First CR equation satisfied)
, .
Since , the second CR equation is not satisfied. Thus, is not analytic.(C) .
Here, and .
for .
.
For the first CR equation to hold, , which implies . This is not true for all . Thus, is not analytic.(D) .
This is a polynomial in . Polynomials are entire functions, meaning they are analytic everywhere in the complex plane.
Let's verify using CR equations:
.
So, and .
.
.
The first CR equation is satisfied.
.
.
The second CR equation is satisfied ().
Since both CR equations are satisfied, is analytic on the complex plane.The final answer is .31
Q31NAT1 markEasyConsider the complex function . The coefficient of in the Taylor series expansion of about the origin is ______ (rounded off to 1 decimal…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Consider the complex function . The coefficient of in the Taylor series expansion of about the origin is ______ (rounded off to 1 decimal place).Correct answer
0 to 0
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The function is an even function because:1. (even function)2. (even function)The Taylor series expansion of an even function about the origin contains only even powers of . Therefore, the coefficients of all odd powers of (including ) are zero.
Thus, the coefficient of is .32
Q32NAT1 markMediumThe sum of the eigenvalues of the matrix is ______ (rounded off to the nearest integer).Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The sum of the eigenvalues of the matrix is ______ (rounded off to the nearest integer).Correct answer
29 to 29
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Let . Let the eigenvalues of be and .
The sum of the eigenvalues of is given by the trace:The product of the eigenvalues of is given by the determinant:The matrix . The eigenvalues of are and .
The sum of the eigenvalues of is:33
Q33NAT1 markMediumLet be the Fourier transform of the signal . The value of the derivative of at is _______…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Let be the Fourier transform of the signal . The value of the derivative of at is _______ (rounded off to 1 decimal place).Correct answer
0 to 0
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The Fourier transform is defined as:Differentiating with respect to :At :Given . Note that is an even function because .
The integrand is an odd function because .
The integral of an odd function over symmetric limits is zero:Therefore, the derivative at is .34
Q34NAT1 markMediumThe incremental cost curves of two generators (Gen A and Gen B) in a plant supplying a common load are shown in the figure. If the incremental cost of supplying the common load is…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The incremental cost curves of two generators (Gen A and Gen B) in a plant supplying a common load are shown in the figure. If the incremental cost of supplying the common load is Rs. 7400 per MWh, then the common load in MW is _______ (rounded off to the nearest integer).
Correct answer
35 to 35
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Step 1: Determine the equations for the incremental cost (IC) curves from the graph.
For Gen A (solid line): At , . At , .
Slope .
Equation: .For Gen B (dashed line): At , . At , .
Slope .
Equation: .Step 2: Find the power generation for each unit when the system incremental cost Rs./MWh.
For Gen B: MW.
For Gen A: Since the system incremental cost is less than the starting incremental cost of Gen A (), Gen A will not generate any power. Thus, MW.Step 3: Calculate the total common load.
Total Load MW.35
Q35NAT1 markHardA forced commutated thyristorized step-down chopper is shown in the figure. Neglect the ON-state drop across the power devices. Assume that the capacitor is initially charged to…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A forced commutated thyristorized step-down chopper is shown in the figure. Neglect the ON-state drop across the power devices. Assume that the capacitor is initially charged to 50 V with the polarity shown in the figure. The load current () can be assumed to be constant at 10 A. Initially, is ON and is OFF. The turn-off time available to in microseconds, when is triggered, is_________ (rounded off to the nearest integer).
Correct answer
50 to 50
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In the given voltage-commutated chopper circuit, when the auxiliary thyristor is triggered, the capacitor voltage is applied across the main thyristor in reverse bias. The main thyristor remains reverse biased until the capacitor discharges and recharges in the opposite direction to zero. The circuit turn-off time available to is the time taken for the capacitor to discharge from to under a constant load current .The formula for circuit turn-off time is:Given:
Capacitance
Initial capacitor voltage
Load current Substituting the values:The turn-off time available to is .36
Q36MCQ2 marksMediumConsider a vector , where represent unit vectors along the coordinate axes respectively. The…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Consider a vector , where represent unit vectors along the coordinate axes respectively. The directional derivative of the function at the point in the direction of isCorrect answer
(C) 7
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Step 1: Simplify the function .
Step 2: Find the gradient vector .
Step 3: Evaluate the gradient at the point .
Step 4: Find the unit vector in the direction of .
Step 5: Calculate the directional derivative.
Thus, the directional derivative is 7.37
Q37MCQ2 marksMediumThe input and the output of a system are related as The system isThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
The input and the output of a system are related as The system isCorrect answer
(B) linear and time-invariant.
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The system equation can be rewritten as a convolution integral:where the impulse response is .1.Linearity: Convolution is a linear operation, so the system is linear.2.Time-Invariance: Since the impulse response is independent of the time at which the input is applied, the system is time-invariant.3.Causality: Since for , the output at any time depends only on the input for . Thus, the system is causal.Therefore, the system is linear and time-invariant.38
Q38MCQ2 marksMediumConsider the discrete-time systems and defined as follows: …Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Consider the discrete-time systems and defined as follows:Which one of the following statements is true?Correct answer
(D) T₁ is not BIBO stable but T₂ is BIBO stable.
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A system is Bounded-Input Bounded-Output (BIBO) stable if every bounded input produces a bounded output.1.For : Let the input be a unit step , which is bounded (). The output is:As , . Since a bounded input produces an unbounded output, is not BIBO stable.2.For : Let the input be bounded such that for all . The output is:As , the geometric series converges:Since the output is bounded by for any bounded input, is BIBO stable.39
Q39MCQ2 marksMediumIf the Z-transform of a finite-duration discrete-time signal is , then the Z-transform of the signal isThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
If the Z-transform of a finite-duration discrete-time signal is , then the Z-transform of the signal isCorrect answer
(C) Y(z) = (1)/(2) [X(z^(1/2)) + X(-z^(1/2))]
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The Z-transform of is given by the decimation property.
By definition:Let . The summation is over even values of . We can use the property that a sequence containing only even-indexed samples of is .
Then . The Z-transform of is:Since is a time-scaled version where , we replace with in the transform of the even-sampled sequence:40
Q40MCQ2 marksMediumA 3-phase, 11 kV, 10 MVA synchronous generator is connected to an inductive load of power factor via a lossless line with a per-phase inductive reactance of 5…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A 3-phase, 11 kV, 10 MVA synchronous generator is connected to an inductive load of power factor via a lossless line with a per-phase inductive reactance of 5 . The per-phase synchronous reactance of the generator is 30 with negligible armature resistance. If the generator is producing the rated current at the rated voltage, then the power factor at the terminal of the generator isCorrect answer
(A) 0.63 lagging.
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Given:
Line-to-line voltage kV
Apparent power MVA
Line reactance
Synchronous reactance
Load power factor (lagging), so .1.Calculate the phase voltage and rated current:Phase voltage V.
Rated line current A.
For a star-connected generator, phase current A.2.Calculate the total impedance magnitude seen from the generator terminal:The problem states the generator is producing rated current at rated voltage. This means the voltage at the generator terminal is and the current flowing is .
The magnitude of the total impedance from the generator terminal to the load is:
.3.Relate load impedance to total impedance:Let the load impedance be . We know and .
So, and .
The total impedance from the generator terminal to the load is .
.
4.Solve for :Using the quadratic formula :
. Since must be positive:
.5.Calculate and :.
.6.Calculate the power factor at the generator terminal:The total impedance from the generator terminal to the load is .
.
The power factor angle .
The power factor at the terminal is . Since the reactive component is positive, it is lagging.Therefore, the power factor at the terminal of the generator is approximately 0.63 lagging.The final answer is41
Q41MCQ2 marksMediumFor the three-bus lossless power network shown in the figure, the voltage magnitudes at all the buses are equal to 1 per unit (pu), and the differences of the voltage phase angles…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
For the three-bus lossless power network shown in the figure, the voltage magnitudes at all the buses are equal to 1 per unit (pu), and the differences of the voltage phase angles are very small. The line reactances are marked in the figure, where , , , and are strictly positive. The bus injections and are in pu. If , where , and the real power flow from bus 1 to bus 2 is 0 pu, then which one of the following options is correct?
Correct answer
(A) γ = mβ
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Given a lossless power network with voltage magnitudes at all buses equal to 1 pu, and small voltage phase angle differences. This allows us to use the DC load flow approximation for real power flow.The real power flow from bus to bus is given by .
Since pu and is small, .
So, .Let be the phase angles at buses 1, 2, and 3, respectively.From the figure, the line reactances are:
(between bus 1 and bus 2)
(between bus 1 and bus 3)
(between bus 2 and bus 3)Given that the real power flow from bus 1 to bus 2 is 0 pu:
.
Since , this implies .Now, consider the bus injections and . The arrows indicate power flowing out of the buses (loads or net injections).
is the net power injection at bus 1. It flows to bus 2 and bus 3.
. Since , we have:
. is the net power injection at bus 2. It flows to bus 1 and bus 3.
. Since , we have:
.Since we found , we can substitute for in the expression for :
.Given that :
.Assuming (otherwise , which is a trivial case and doesn't lead to a relationship between and ), we can cancel the common term and from both sides:
.The final answer is .42
Q42MCQ2 marksMediumA BJT biasing circuit is shown in the figure, where V and . The Quiescent Point values of and are respectively [figure]Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A BJT biasing circuit is shown in the figure, where V and . The Quiescent Point values of and are respectively
Correct answer
(A) 4.6 V and 2.46 mA
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Given:
V
V1.Calculate Thevenin equivalent at the base:Thevenin voltage .
Thevenin resistance .2.Calculate base current ():Apply KVL to the base-emitter loop:
We know .
.3.Calculate collector current ():.4.Calculate emitter current ():.5.Calculate collector-emitter voltage ():Apply KVL to the collector-emitter loop:
.
Rounding to one decimal place, .Thus, the quiescent point values are V and mA.The final answer is .43
Q43MSQ2 marksMediumLet be a real-valued function whose second derivative is positive for . Which of the following statements is/are always true?Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Let be a real-valued function whose second derivative is positive for . Which of the following statements is/are always true?Correct answer
(B) f(t) cannot have two distinct local minima.
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A function with for all is strictly convex.1.Option (A): False. Consider . Here for all , but is strictly increasing and has no local minimum.2.Option (B): True. For a strictly convex function, the derivative is strictly increasing. If has a root, it must be unique. Thus, there can be at most one local minimum, and it is impossible to have two distinct local minima.3.Option (C): False. Strictly convex functions cannot have local maxima on an open interval. For example, has a minimum but no maximum.4.Option (D): False. Consider . Here , but the minimum value is , which is negative.Therefore, only statement (B) is always true.44
Q44MSQ2 marksMediumConsider the function for , where denotes the maximum of and . Which of the following statements is/are true?Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Consider the function for , where denotes the maximum of and . Which of the following statements is/are true?Correct answer
(B) f(t) is differentiable and its derivative is continuous.
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The function is defined as:Differentiability of :- For , .
- For , .
- At :
- Left-hand derivative:
- Right-hand derivative:
- For , .
- For , .
45
Q45MSQ2 marksMediumWhich of the following differential equations is/are nonlinear?Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Which of the following differential equations is/are nonlinear?Correct answer
(B) (1)/(2) e^t + x(t) (dx(t))/(dt) = 0, x(0) = 0; (D) x(t) + e^(((dx(t))/(dt))) = 1, x(0) = 0
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A differential equation is linear if the dependent variable and its derivatives appear only to the first power and are not multiplied together.- (A): . This is a first-order linear differential equation of the form .
- (B): . This is nonlinear because of the product term involving the dependent variable and its derivative.
- (C): . This is a first-order linear differential equation.
- (D): . This is nonlinear because the derivative appears as the argument of a transcendental function ().
46
Q46MSQ2 marksMediumFor a two-phase network, the phase voltages and are to be expressed in terms of sequence voltages and as…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
For a two-phase network, the phase voltages and are to be expressed in terms of sequence voltages and as . The possible option(s) for matrix is/areCorrect answer
(A) bmatrix 1 & 1 \ 1 & -1 bmatrix; (D) bmatrix -1 & 1 \ 1 & 1 bmatrix
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For a valid sequence transformation in a two-phase system, the transformation matrix must be non-singular (determinant ).- For (A): . This is the standard symmetrical component transformation for a 2-phase system.
- For (B): . Singular matrix, not a valid transformation.
- For (C): . While non-singular, it is not a standard sequence transformation.
- For (D): . This is a valid variation of the standard transformation (equivalent to a row swap and sign change).
47
Q47MSQ2 marksMediumWhich of the following options is/are correct for the Automatic Generation Control (AGC) and Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) installed with synchronous generators?Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Which of the following options is/are correct for the Automatic Generation Control (AGC) and Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) installed with synchronous generators?Correct answer
(B) AGC response has a global effect on frequency while AVR response has a local effect on voltage.; (D) AGC regulates the generator’s mechanical power input while AVR regulates the field current of the synchronous generator.
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1.AGC (Automatic Generation Control): Frequency is a global parameter in an interconnected power system. Therefore, any change in generation to control frequency has a global effect. AGC achieves this by regulating the mechanical power input to the generator via the governor system.2.AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator): Voltage is a local parameter because it is heavily influenced by local reactive power balance and line impedance. AVR maintains terminal voltage by regulating the field current (excitation) of the synchronous generator.Thus, options (B) and (D) are correct.48
Q48NAT2 marksHardTwo passive two-port networks P and Q are connected as shown in the figure. The impedance matrix of network P is…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Two passive two-port networks P and Q are connected as shown in the figure. The impedance matrix of network P is . The admittance matrix of network Q is . Let the ABCD matrix of the two-port network R in the figure be . The value of in is _____________ (rounded off to 2 decimal places).
Correct answer
-19.9 to -19.7
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The networks P and Q are connected in cascade, so the overall transmission matrix is the product of individual transmission matrices: .1.Convert to :2.Convert to :3.Calculate (the parameter of ):.49
Q49NAT2 marksHardFor the circuit shown in the figure, the source frequency is . The mutual inductance between the magnetically coupled inductors is with their…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
For the circuit shown in the figure, the source frequency is . The mutual inductance between the magnetically coupled inductors is with their self inductances being and . The Thevenin’s impedance, , between the terminals and in is _________ (rounded off to 2 decimal places).
Correct answer
5.32 to 5.34
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Given:
To find looking into terminals and , we first find the input impedance of the coupled inductor network. The reflected impedance from the secondary to the primary is:
The total impedance of the primary side of the coupled inductor is:
Now, looking into from the left, the circuit consists of a resistor in series with the parallel combination of a resistor and the branch containing the resistor and the coupled inductor network:
Rounding to two decimal places, .50
Q50NAT2 marksHardIn the circuit shown, and . It is supplied by a three phase source with the phase sequence…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
In the circuit shown, and . It is supplied by a three phase source with the phase sequence being R-Y-B. Assume the watt meters and to be ideal. The magnitude of the difference between the readings of and in watts is ___________ (rounded off to 2 decimal places).
Correct answer
692.8 to 692.84
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Given:
Line voltage , Phase sequence R-Y-B.
Load impedances:
(connected between R and Y)
(connected between Y and B)Phase currents:
(no load between B and R)Line currents for wattmeters:
Wattmeter readings:
Magnitude of the difference:
.51
Q51NAT2 marksMediumIn the coordinate system, three point-charges , , and are located in free space at , , and , respectively. The…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
In the coordinate system, three point-charges , , and are located in free space at , , and , respectively. The value of for the electric field to be zero at is ______________ (rounded off to 1 decimal place).Correct answer
-1.7 to -1.5
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Let . The electric field at is the sum of fields from at , at , and at .
By symmetry, the x-components of fields from and cancel out. The y-component of their combined field is:
The field from at is along the y-axis:
For total field to be zero:
Rounded to 1 decimal place, .52
Q52NAT2 marksHardThe given equation represents a magnetic field strength in the spherical coordinate system, in free space. Here, and represent…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The given equation represents a magnetic field strength in the spherical coordinate system, in free space. Here, and represent the unit vectors along and , respectively. The value of in the equation should be ____________ (rounded off to the nearest integer).Correct answer
2 to 2
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In free space, . Since , we have . In spherical coordinates, the divergence is given by:Given , , and :53
Q53NAT2 marksMediumIf the energy of a continuous-time signal is and the energy of the signal is , then is _____ (rounded off to 1 decimal place).Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
If the energy of a continuous-time signal is and the energy of the signal is , then is _____ (rounded off to 1 decimal place).Correct answer
2 to 2
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The energy of a signal is defined as . The energy of the signal is:Let , then . Substituting these into the integral:Given , we have .54
Q54NAT2 marksMediumA 3-phase star connected slip ring induction motor has the following parameters referred to the stator: …Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A 3-phase star connected slip ring induction motor has the following parameters referred to the stator:The per phase stator to rotor effective turns ratio is 3:1. The rotor winding is also star connected. The magnetizing reactance and core loss of the motor can be neglected. To have maximum torque at starting, the value of the extra resistance in ohms (referred to the rotor side) to be connected in series with each phase of the rotor winding is _________ (rounded off to 2 decimal places).Correct answer
0.26 to 0.29
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For a 3-phase induction motor, the condition for maximum torque at starting (where slip ) is that the total rotor resistance referred to the stator must be equal to the magnitude of the Thevenin equivalent impedance looking from the rotor terminals.Neglecting the magnetizing branch () and core losses, the equivalent circuit simplifies to a series combination of stator and rotor impedances. The condition for maximum starting torque is:Given the parameters referred to the stator:- Stator resistance,
- Stator reactance,
- Rotor reactance referred to stator,
- Rotor resistance referred to stator,
55
Q55NAT2 marksHardA 5 kW, 220 V DC shunt motor has 0.5 armature resistance including brushes. The motor draws a no-load current of 3 A. The field current is constant at 1 A. Assuming that…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A 5 kW, 220 V DC shunt motor has 0.5 armature resistance including brushes. The motor draws a no-load current of 3 A. The field current is constant at 1 A. Assuming that the core and rotational losses are constant and independent of the load, the current (in amperes) drawn by the motor while delivering the rated load, for the best possible efficiency, is ________ (rounded off to 2 decimal places).Correct answer
27.19 to 27.39
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Given:
Rated Power W, V, .
No-load current A, Field current A.
No-load armature current A.
No-load power input to armature = W.
Armature copper loss at no-load = W.
Constant rotational losses W.
Field loss W.
Total constant losses W.
Efficiency is maximum when variable losses equal constant losses:
A.
Total current drawn A.
Rounding to 2 decimal places, we get 37.28 A.56
Q56NAT2 marksHardThe single line diagram of a lossless system is shown in the figure. The system is operating in steady-state at a stable equilibrium point with the power output of the generator…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The single line diagram of a lossless system is shown in the figure. The system is operating in steady-state at a stable equilibrium point with the power output of the generator being , where is the load angle and the mechanical power input is . A fault occurs on line 2 such that the power output of the generator is less than during the fault. After the fault is cleared by opening line 2, the power output of the generator is . If the critical fault clearing angle is radians, the accelerating area on the power angle curve is ______ times (rounded off to 2 decimal places).
Correct answer
0.1 to 0.12
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Given:
Pre-fault:
Post-fault:
Initial angle : rad.
Critical clearing angle rad.
Maximum swing angle : rad.
By Equal Area Criterion, Accelerating Area = Decelerating Area .
.
Accelerating area .57
Q57NAT2 marksHardConsider the closed-loop system shown in the figure with The root locus for the closed-loop system is to be drawn for…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Consider the closed-loop system shown in the figure with The root locus for the closed-loop system is to be drawn for . The angle of departure (between and ) of the root locus branch drawn from the pole , in degrees, is _________________ (rounded off to the nearest integer).
Correct answer
4 to 8
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Poles of : . Let .
Zeros of : . Let .
Angle of departure from :
Normalizing to : .
Rounding to the nearest integer, we get .58
Q58NAT2 marksHardConsider the stable closed-loop system shown in the figure. The asymptotic Bode magnitude plot of has a constant slope of dB/decade at least till rad/sec with…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Consider the stable closed-loop system shown in the figure. The asymptotic Bode magnitude plot of has a constant slope of dB/decade at least till rad/sec with the gain crossover frequency being rad/sec. The asymptotic Bode phase plot remains constant at at least till rad/sec. The steady-state error of the closed-loop system for a unit ramp input is ______________ (rounded off to 2 decimal places).
Correct answer
0.09 to 0.11
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The asymptotic Bode magnitude plot has a slope of dB/decade and the phase is constant at for rad/sec. This indicates that the system is of Type 1, and in this frequency range, the transfer function can be approximated as .At the gain crossover frequency rad/sec, the magnitude is 1 (0 dB):
.The steady-state error for a unit ramp input for a Type 1 system is given by:
.Thus, the steady-state error is 0.10.59
Q59NAT2 marksMediumConsider the stable closed-loop system shown in the figure. The magnitude and phase values of the frequency response of are given in the table. The value of the gain…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Consider the stable closed-loop system shown in the figure. The magnitude and phase values of the frequency response of are given in the table. The value of the gain for a phase margin is _______ (rounded off to 2 decimal places).in rad/sec Magnitude in dB Phase in degrees 0.5 -7 -40 1.0 -10 -80 2.0 -18 -130 10.0 -40 -200 
Correct answer
1.11 to 1.13
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The open-loop transfer function is .
The phase of the open-loop system is .
For a phase margin of , the phase at the gain crossover frequency must be:
.
Substituting the expression for phase:
.
From the given table, at rad/sec. Thus, rad/sec.
At the gain crossover frequency, the magnitude of the open-loop transfer function must be 1:
.
From the table, dB. Converting to linear scale:
.
Now, solve for :
.
Rounding to two decimal places, .60
Q60NAT2 marksMediumIn the given circuit, the diodes are ideal. The current through the diode in milliamperes is ___________ (rounded off to two decimal places). [figure]Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
In the given circuit, the diodes are ideal. The current through the diode in milliamperes is ___________ (rounded off to two decimal places).
Correct answer
1.64 to 1.7
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Assume both diodes and are in the ON state. Since they are ideal, the voltage drop across them is zero.
Let be the voltage at the node between the two resistors on the left. Since is ON, this node is connected to the node between and the resistor. Let's call the voltage at the cathode of as . Since is ON, .
Applying KCL at node :
.
Now, apply KCL at node to find the current through :
.
Check assumptions:1.Current through is (ON assumption valid).2.Current through is (ON assumption valid).Thus, the current is .61
Q61NAT2 marksHardA difference amplifier is shown in the figure. Assume the op-amp to be ideal. The CMRR (in dB) of the difference amplifier is _________ (rounded off to 2 decimal places). [figure]Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A difference amplifier is shown in the figure. Assume the op-amp to be ideal. The CMRR (in dB) of the difference amplifier is _________ (rounded off to 2 decimal places).
Correct answer
39.5 to 41.5
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For a difference amplifier with input resistors and feedback/ground resistors , the output voltage is given by:From the given circuit:
,
,
Let
Let
The output can be expressed in terms of differential mode voltage and common mode voltage :where
and
The Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) is:In dB:Using more precise values, .62
Q62NAT2 marksHardA single-phase half-controlled bridge converter supplies an inductive load with ripple free load current. The triggering angle of the converter is . The ratio of the rms…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A single-phase half-controlled bridge converter supplies an inductive load with ripple free load current. The triggering angle of the converter is . The ratio of the rms value of the fundamental component of the input current to the rms value of the total input current of the bridge is _________ (rounded off to 3 decimal places).Correct answer
0.94 to 0.97
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For a single-phase half-controlled bridge converter with a ripple-free load current , the input current is a quasi-square wave. For a triggering angle , the current is for and for . During and , the current is zero due to freewheeling.1.RMS value of total input current ():2.RMS value of fundamental component ():The peak value of the fundamental component is given by:3.Ratio ():Given :Rounding to 3 decimal places, we get .63
Q63NAT2 marksMediumA single-phase full bridge voltage source inverter (VSI) feeds a purely inductive load. The inverter output voltage is a square wave in conduction mode. The…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A single-phase full bridge voltage source inverter (VSI) feeds a purely inductive load. The inverter output voltage is a square wave in conduction mode. The fundamental frequency of the output voltage is . If the DC input voltage of the inverter is and the value of the load inductance is , the peak-to-peak load current in amperes is _________ (rounded off to the nearest integer).
Correct answer
50 to 50
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For a purely inductive load fed by a square wave voltage with amplitude :During the positive half cycle (), . The change in current is:Since :Given , , and :The peak-to-peak load current is 50 A.64
Q64NAT2 marksMediumIn the DC-DC converter shown in the figure, the current through the inductor is continuous. The switching frequency is Hz. The voltage () across the load is assumed to…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
In the DC-DC converter shown in the figure, the current through the inductor is continuous. The switching frequency is Hz. The voltage () across the load is assumed to be constant and ripple free. The peak inductor current in amperes is _________ (rounded off to the nearest integer).
Correct answer
13 to 13
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1.Identify the converter type: Since V and V, it is a Boost converter.2.Calculate the duty cycle (): For a Boost converter, .3.Calculate the average output current (): A.4.Calculate the average inductor current (): A.5.Calculate the inductor current ripple (): A.6.Calculate the peak inductor current (): A.65
Q65NAT2 marksHardA single-phase full-controlled thyristor converter bridge is used for regenerative braking of a separately excited DC motor with the following specifications: | Parameter | Value…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A single-phase full-controlled thyristor converter bridge is used for regenerative braking of a separately excited DC motor with the following specifications:The armature of the DC motor is fed from the full-controlled bridge and the field current is kept constant.Assume that the motor is running at 600 rpm and the armature terminals of the motor are suitably reversed for regenerative braking. If the armature current of the motor is to be maintained at the rated value, the triggering angle of the converter bridge in degrees should be ____________ (rounded off to 2 decimal places).Parameter Value Rated armature voltage 210 V Rated armature current 10 A Rated speed 1200 rpm Armature resistance 1 Input to the converter bridge 240 V at 50 Hz Correct answer
113 to 116
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1.Calculate the back EMF at rated conditions:At rated voltage , rated current , and armature resistance :
2.Calculate the back EMF at 600 rpm:Since the field current is constant, the back EMF is directly proportional to the speed ():
3.Determine the required converter output voltage for regenerative braking:In regenerative braking, the armature terminals are reversed. The motor acts as a generator feeding power back to the AC source through the converter. The average output voltage of the converter must satisfy:
Maintaining the rated current :
4.Calculate the triggering angle :For a single-phase full-controlled bridge, the average output voltage is given by:
Given the input RMS voltage , the peak voltage is :
The triggering angle should be approximately .