The PYQ practice room
GATE CE 2026 Set 1
All 65 solved GATE CE 2026 Set 1 questions in exam order. Open a question, commit to an answer, and learn from the step-by-step solution. One question at a time.
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65
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100
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General Aptitude (GA)
101
Q1MCQ1 markEasy‘The shopkeeper sells lemons.’ In this sentence, the word ‘lemons’ is the ________.Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
‘The shopkeeper sells lemons.’
In this sentence, the word ‘lemons’ is the ________.Correct answer
(A) object
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In the sentence "The shopkeeper sells lemons.", "The shopkeeper" is the subject (the doer), "sells" is the verb (the action), and "lemons" is the object (the receiver of the action).2
Q2MCQ1 markMediumThe figure below is supposed to show three non-overlapping shapes – one oval and two triangles. Which one of the following figures P, Q, R, or S fits the missing portion indicated…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The figure below is supposed to show three non-overlapping shapes – one oval and two triangles. Which one of the following figures P, Q, R, or S fits the missing portion indicated by ‘?’ and completes the oval and the two triangles?
Correct answer
(A) P [figure]
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The problem requires identifying the missing piece '?' that completes one oval and two triangles without any overlaps. By examining the fragments in the main figure:1.Oval Completion: The main figure shows the outer boundary of an oval. The missing piece must contain the central curved segments to connect these boundaries.2.Triangle Completion: The main figure shows parts of two triangles. The missing piece must contain the vertices or segments that point towards the center to complete their geometry.Comparing the options:- Figure P: Provides the exact geometric segments (curves for the oval and straight edges for the triangles) that align perfectly with the existing fragments to form three distinct, non-overlapping shapes.
- Figure Q: The triangular segments are oriented incorrectly.
- Figure R: The curvature for the oval is inverted.
- Figure S: The triangular segments do not align with the vertices shown in the main figure.
3
Q3MCQ1 markEasyAt how many points will the curves and intersect in the real plane?Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
At how many points will the curves and intersect in the real plane?Correct answer
(A) 0
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To find the intersection points, equate the two functions: . This simplifies to . The discriminant . Since , there are no real roots, meaning the curves do not intersect in the real plane.4
Q4MCQ1 markEasy‘If Anish had scored hundred runs in today’s match, he would have been made the captain of his team. He would have then become the youngest captain in his team’s history.…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
‘If Anish had scored hundred runs in today’s match, he would have been made the captain of his team. He would have then become the youngest captain in his team’s history. Unfortunately, he got out without scoring any runs. Hence, there won’t be any change in the captaincy for now.’
Based on the paragraph above, which one of the following statements is true?Correct answer
(C) The current captain is older than Anish.
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The passage states that if Anish had scored 100 runs, he would have become the youngest captain in history. This implies that the current captain (and all previous ones) must be older than Anish would have been at that moment. Thus, the current captain is older than Anish.5
Q5MCQ1 markEasyWhich one of the following figures P, Q, R, or S, correctly shows the clockwise-rotated version of figure (I)? [figure]Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Which one of the following figures P, Q, R, or S, correctly shows the clockwise-rotated version of figure (I)?
Correct answer
(B) Q
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Figure (I) is a cross-like shape with specific patterns on its arms. Rotating it clockwise will tilt the vertical and horizontal arms to the diagonals. Comparing the resulting orientation and internal patterns, Figure Q is the correct clockwise rotation.6
Q6MCQ2 marksEasyMatch the words in Column I with their synonyms in Column II. | Column I | Column II | | :--- | :--- | | (i) Lonely | (p) Verbatim | | (ii) Literal | (q) Solitary | | (iii) Lousy…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Match the words in Column I with their synonyms in Column II.Column I Column II (i) Lonely (p) Verbatim (ii) Literal (q) Solitary (iii) Lousy (r) Deadly (iv) Lethal (s) Terrible Correct answer
(A) (i)-(q); (ii)-(p); (iii)-(s); (iv)-(r)
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Matching the words with their synonyms:
(i) Lonely matches with (q) Solitary.
(ii) Literal matches with (p) Verbatim.
(iii) Lousy matches with (s) Terrible.
(iv) Lethal matches with (r) Deadly.The correct combination is (i)-(q); (ii)-(p); (iii)-(s); (iv)-(r), which is option (A).7
Q7MCQ2 marksMediumIn the given figure, is the diameter of a circle with center . Two points and are chosen on the circle such that . When…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
In the given figure, is the diameter of a circle with center . Two points and are chosen on the circle such that . When and are extended, they meet at . The value of is _________________
Correct answer
(B) 50^
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For two secants and intersecting at an external point , the angle formed is half the difference of the intercepted arcs:Since is the diameter, the measure of arc is . The measure of arc is given by the central angle .8
Q8MCQ2 marksEasyBased on the relationship between each polygon and the number inside it, the value of ‘X’ is ______ [figure]Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Based on the relationship between each polygon and the number inside it, the value of ‘X’ is ______
Correct answer
(A) 720
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The relationship is that the number inside the polygon is the factorial of the number of its sides ():- Triangle ():
- Rectangle ():
- Pentagon ():
- Hexagon ():
9
Q9MCQ2 marksMediumConsider a linear arrangement of seven bulbs, each of which can be in the ON or OFF states. The initial configuration of the bulbs is shown in the figure. In every Step, the…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Consider a linear arrangement of seven bulbs, each of which can be in the ON or OFF states. The initial configuration of the bulbs is shown in the figure. In every Step, the states of the bulbs are changed based on the following rules:- Any OFF bulb with exactly one ON neighbor at the end of the previous Step is turned ON.
- Any ON bulb with both neighbors ON at the end of the previous Step is turned OFF.
- The state of any bulb not meeting the conditions above is left unchanged.

Correct answer
(B) 4
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Let 1 represent ON and 0 represent OFF.
Initial: 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Step 1: 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 (Bulbs 3 and 5 turn ON as they had exactly one ON neighbor, bulb 4 stays ON as it didn't have both neighbors ON)
Step 2: 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 (Bulbs 2 and 6 turn ON; bulb 4 turns OFF as both its neighbors were ON)
Step 3: 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 (Bulbs 1 and 7 turn ON; bulbs 2, 3, 5, 6 stay ON as they don't have both neighbors ON)
Step 4: 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 (Bulbs 2 and 6 turn OFF as both neighbors were ON; bulbs 1, 3, 5, 7 stay ON)
Step 5: 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 (Bulb 2 has two ON neighbors, so stays OFF. Bulb 4 has two ON neighbors, so stays OFF. Bulb 6 has two ON neighbors, so stays OFF. End bulbs 1 and 7 stay ON. Bulbs 3 and 5 stay ON as they don't have both neighbors ON).
Since Step 5 is identical to Step 4, the system has reached a steady state. Thus, at Step 8, the configuration remains 1 0 1 0 1 0 1. The number of ON bulbs is 4.10
Q10MCQ2 marksEasyand are two positive integers such that . The product of the numbers and is _________Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
and are two positive integers such that .
The product of the numbers and is _________Correct answer
(D) 42
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Given , we can rewrite this as:Since 13 is a prime number and are positive integers, the only integer factors of 13 are 1 and 13. Because and are positive, must be greater than . Therefore:
Adding the two equations: .
Subtracting the second from the first: .
The product .
Civil Engineering (CE1)
5511
Q11MCQ1 markEasyMatrix is given as The TRUE option isThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
Matrix is given asThe TRUE option isCorrect answer
(A) Trace of P is equal to the sum of the Eigen values of P.
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The trace of any square matrix is defined as the sum of its diagonal elements. A fundamental property of matrices is that the trace is also equal to the sum of its eigenvalues. Thus, option (A) is always true. For the given matrix , Trace . The eigenvalues are , and their sum is .12
Q12MCQ1 markMediumGiven: The above system of…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Given:The above system of equations represents aCorrect answer
(B) line
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The given system is where . The rank of is 2 (the two rows are linearly independent). The number of variables is . The dimension of the solution space (null space) is . A 1-dimensional subspace in represents a line passing through the origin.13
Q13MCQ1 markMediumA thin-walled spherical gas balloon of radius and wall thickness () is subjected to an internal (gauge) pressure . The maximum tensile and shear stresses in…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A thin-walled spherical gas balloon of radius and wall thickness () is subjected to an internal (gauge) pressure . The maximum tensile and shear stresses in the balloon wall are, respectively:Correct answer
(B) (pR)/(2t) and Zero
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For a thin-walled spherical pressure vessel with internal pressure , radius , and thickness :1.Principal Stresses: The principal stresses in the plane of the shell are equal in all directions:The third principal stress (radial stress) is at the outer surface (since ).2.Maximum Tensile Stress: The maximum tensile stress is the largest principal stress:3.Maximum Shear Stress:- In-plane maximum shear stress:
- Absolute maximum shear stress:
14
Q14MCQ1 markEasyBlack dot shown in the figure qualitatively represents the shear centre of the angle section. The option which represents the position of the shear centre is:Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Black dot shown in the figure qualitatively represents the shear centre of the angle section. The option which represents the position of the shear centre is:Correct answer
(D) [figure]
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The shear center of a thin-walled section consisting of two intersecting rectangles (like an angle section) is located at the point of intersection of the centerlines of the two rectangles. This is because the shear flow in each leg passes through this intersection point, and thus the resultant shear force also passes through it, creating no torque. Option (D) correctly identifies this point at the junction of the legs.15
Q15MCQ1 markEasyWhich one of the following is utilized to determine the long-term deformation of concrete under sustained loading?Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Which one of the following is utilized to determine the long-term deformation of concrete under sustained loading?Correct answer
(A) Creep
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Creep is defined as the time-dependent increase in strain under a constant sustained stress. In concrete, it is the primary factor for long-term deformations under load. Shrinkage is also time-dependent but occurs due to moisture loss, independent of external loading. Modulus of rupture and split tensile strength are measures of tensile strength, not deformation.16
Q16MCQ1 markMediumTwo reservoirs having different water levels are connected by two long parallel pipelines of same length and same material but having diameters of 600 mm and 400 mm. Using…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Two reservoirs having different water levels are connected by two long parallel pipelines of same length and same material but having diameters of 600 mm and 400 mm. Using Darcy-Weisbach equation, the ratio of flowrate of water in the bigger diameter pipe to that in the smaller diameter pipe isCorrect answer
(D) 2.76
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For parallel pipes, the head loss () is the same for both pipes. According to the Darcy-Weisbach equation, . Since the length (), material (friction factor ), and head loss are the same, we have:The ratio of flowrate in the bigger pipe ( mm) to the smaller pipe ( mm) is:Thus, the correct option is (D).17
Q17MCQ1 markMediumAn irrigation canal is to be designed to deliver 10 cumec to meet the peak demand of 7500 hectare of cropped area. The estimated canal losses are 50 % of the head discharge. The…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
An irrigation canal is to be designed to deliver 10 cumec to meet the peak demand of 7500 hectare of cropped area. The estimated canal losses are 50 % of the head discharge. The duty (in hectare/cumec) on capacity of this canal isCorrect answer
(A) 375
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Let be the head discharge and be the field discharge.
Given cumec.
Canal losses = 50% of .
Field discharge .
So, cumec.
Duty on capacity is defined as the area irrigated per unit of head discharge:Thus, the correct option is (A).18
Q18MCQ1 markEasyThe name of a person in Column 1 is to be matched with the test mentioned in Column 2. | Column 1 | Column 2 | | :--- | :--- | | (I) Menard | (P) Dilatometer test | | (II)…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The name of a person in Column 1 is to be matched with the test mentioned in Column 2.Option giving the CORRECT match between Column 1 and Column 2 is:Column 1 Column 2 (I) Menard (P) Dilatometer test (II) Marchetti (Q) Pressuremeter test (III) Casagrande (R) Compaction test (IV) Proctor (S) Liquid limit test Correct answer
(A) (I) – (Q); (II) – (P); (III) – (S); (IV) – (R)
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The correct matches are:- Menard is associated with the Pressuremeter test (I-Q).
- Marchetti is associated with the Dilatometer test (II-P).
- Casagrande is associated with the Liquid limit test (III-S).
- Proctor is associated with the Compaction test (IV-R).
19
Q19MCQ1 markMediumCorrections are applied to the basic length of the runway strip considering: (i) The elevation (in m) of the airport above Mean Sea Level (MSL) (ii) Corrected air temperature…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Corrections are applied to the basic length of the runway strip considering:
(i) The elevation (in m) of the airport above Mean Sea Level (MSL)
(ii) Corrected air temperature (in C) with respect to the standard temperature at elevation
(iii) The effective gradient (in %) along the length of the runwayRespective correction applied to the basic length of the runway is:- A.
- B.
- C.
- D.
Answer checking is unavailable for this question. You can review the published solution without a score.
Correct answer
(MTA)
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Standard runway length corrections are:1.Elevation Correction: 7% increase for every 300 m rise in elevation above MSL. This is represented as .2.Temperature Correction: 1% increase for every C rise of the airport reference temperature above the standard temperature at that elevation. This is represented as .3.Gradient Correction: According to FAA/ICAO standards, the runway length is increased for effective gradient. A common value used is 10% increase for every 1% effective gradient ().Combining these, the correct set is option (A).- A.
20
Q20MCQ1 markEasyThe Whole Circle Bearing (WCB) of line is . The length of is 100 m. The latitude and departure values, respectively, for this line are:Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The Whole Circle Bearing (WCB) of line is . The length of is 100 m. The latitude and departure values, respectively, for this line are:Correct answer
(C) -86.60; +50.00
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Given length m and bearing .
Latitude () is given by :Departure () is given by :Thus, the latitude and departure are and respectively. This corresponds to option (C).21
Q21MCQ1 markEasyA rapid sand filter bed of depth m has % porosity during service cycle. It is recommended that during backwash operation, the expanded filter bed should have %…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A rapid sand filter bed of depth m has % porosity during service cycle. It is recommended that during backwash operation, the expanded filter bed should have % porosity. The uniform expanded depth (in m) of the filter bed during backwash isCorrect answer
(D) 1.6
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The volume of solids remains constant during the expansion of the filter bed.
Let and be the initial depth and porosity, and and be the expanded depth and porosity.
Given: m, ,
m.
Thus, the correct option is (D).22
Q22MCQ1 markEasyThe settling velocity of inorganic particles in the sedimentation tank of a water treatment plant is governed byThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
The settling velocity of inorganic particles in the sedimentation tank of a water treatment plant is governed byCorrect answer
(B) Stokes’ law
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The settling velocity of discrete inorganic particles in a fluid under laminar flow conditions is governed by Stokes' law, which relates the terminal velocity to the particle size, density, and fluid viscosity. Thus, the correct option is (B).23
Q23MSQ1 markMediumGradually Varied Flow (GVF) profiles in open channels given in Column 1 are to be matched with the water surface slopes in Column 2 in the table below. | Column 1 | Column 2 | |…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Gradually Varied Flow (GVF) profiles in open channels given in Column 1 are to be matched with the water surface slopes in Column 2 in the table below.Which of the following options is/are NOT correct?Column 1 Column 2 GVF Profile Water Surface Slope (P) M1 (I) Positive (Q) M2 (II) Negative (R) M3 (III) Zero Correct answer
(B) (P) – (I); (Q) – (II); (R) – (III); (C) (P) – (II); (Q) – (I); (R) – (I); (D) (P) – (I); (Q) – (III); (R) – (II)
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The water surface slope for GVF is given by .
For M profiles, .- M1 profile: . Both numerator and denominator are positive, so (Positive). Match: (P)-(I).
- M2 profile: . Numerator is negative, denominator is positive, so (Negative). Match: (Q)-(II).
- M3 profile: . Both numerator and denominator are negative, so (Positive). Match: (R)-(I).
Option (A) represents the correct matching. Therefore, options (B), (C), and (D) are NOT correct.24
Q24MSQ1 markMediumCant on a Broad Gauge railway track is calculated for an equilibrium speed (in km/h), dynamic gauge (in mm) and radius of curve (in m) using formula/formulae:Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Cant on a Broad Gauge railway track is calculated for an equilibrium speed (in km/h), dynamic gauge (in mm) and radius of curve (in m) using formula/formulae:Correct answer
(A) C = (GV²)/(127 R); (B) C = (13.76 V²)/(R)
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The general formula for equilibrium cant is , where is the dynamic gauge. For Broad Gauge, the dynamic gauge is typically taken as mm.
Substituting mm into the formula:
.
Both (A) and (B) are valid representations. Thus, the correct options are (A) and (B).25
Q25MSQ1 markMediumWhich of the following components is/are NOT removed in the secondary treatment of sewage?Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Which of the following components is/are NOT removed in the secondary treatment of sewage?Correct answer
(A) Suspended settleable organic solids; (C) Pathogens; (D) Fat and grease
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Secondary treatment (biological treatment) primarily targets the removal of dissolved and colloidal organic matter (B) through microbial action.- Suspended settleable organic solids (A) are primarily removed during primary treatment in the Primary Sedimentation Tank (PST).
- Fat and grease (D) are removed during pre-treatment in skimming tanks.
- Pathogens (C) are primarily targeted during tertiary treatment (disinfection), although some incidental removal occurs in secondary stages.
26
Q26NAT1 markMediumBag I contains 4 white and 6 black balls. Bag II contains 4 white and 3 black balls. One ball is drawn at random from any one of the two bags and it is found to be a black ball.…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Bag I contains 4 white and 6 black balls.
Bag II contains 4 white and 3 black balls.
One ball is drawn at random from any one of the two bags and it is found to be a black ball. The probability that the black ball was drawn from Bag I is ______ (rounded off to two decimal places).Correct answer
0.5 to 0.66
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Let be the event of choosing Bag I and be the event of choosing Bag II. Since the bag is chosen at random, .
Let be the event of drawing a black ball.
From Bag I:
From Bag II:
Using Bayes' Theorem, the probability that the black ball was drawn from Bag I is:Rounding off to two decimal places, we get 0.58.27
Q27NAT1 markMediumA matrix is given as: By performing Cholesky decomposition, of the lower triangular matrix is ______ (in integer).Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A matrix is given as:By performing Cholesky decomposition, of the lower triangular matrix is ______ (in integer).Correct answer
5 to 5
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For a symmetric positive-definite matrix , Cholesky decomposition is , where is a lower triangular matrix.Comparing elements:
1)
2)
3) .28
Q28NAT1 markEasyIt is given that and are integers in the following equation: The value of is ________ (in integer).Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
It is given that and are integers in the following equation:The value of is ________ (in integer).Correct answer
91 to 91
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Given equation:
Since and are integers (and thus real), the sum of squares is zero only if each term is zero:
1)
2)
Subtracting equation (1) from (2):
Substituting into equation (1):
The value of .29
Q29NAT1 markEasyThe required centre-to-centre spacing of 10 mm diameter bars is 150 mm to resist the design moment in a concrete slab. Instead of 10 mm diameter bars, if 12 mm diameter bars of…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The required centre-to-centre spacing of 10 mm diameter bars is 150 mm to resist the design moment in a concrete slab. Instead of 10 mm diameter bars, if 12 mm diameter bars of the same grade are used, the required centre-to-centre spacing (in mm) to resist the same design moment becomes ________ (rounded off to the nearest integer).Correct answer
214 to 218
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For a given design moment and same grade of steel, the required area of steel per unit width () is constant.Let mm, mm and mm, be the new spacing.Rounding off to the nearest integer, we get 216.30
Q30NAT1 markEasyTwo steel plates are to be connected together by a 5 mm fillet weld of length 150 mm to transfer a design load. If the size of the fillet weld used to connect the same two plates…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Two steel plates are to be connected together by a 5 mm fillet weld of length 150 mm to transfer a design load. If the size of the fillet weld used to connect the same two plates is changed to 6 mm, the weld length (in mm) needed for transferring the same design load is ________ (in integer).Correct answer
120 to 130
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The design strength of a fillet weld is proportional to its size () and its effective length ().
For the same design load:31
Q31NAT1 markMediumFor a liquid, the permeability of a sandy soil having a void ratio of was determined as cm/s. Considering the same liquid and by using Taylor’s equation, the…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
For a liquid, the permeability of a sandy soil having a void ratio of was determined as cm/s. Considering the same liquid and by using Taylor’s equation, the permeability (in cm/s) of this soil corresponding to the void ratio of is _____ (rounded off to two decimal places).Correct answer
0.28 to 0.32
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Taylor's equation for the permeability of soil is given by the Kozeny-Carman relationship:where is the permeability and is the void ratio.Given:
cm/s at
We need to find at .Taking the ratio:Rounding off to two decimal places, we get or . The official range is to .32
Q32NAT1 markEasyTo obtain undisturbed clay soil sample, an Area Ratio of needs to be achieved for a thin walled sampling tube. If the outer diameter of the tube is mm, the…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
To obtain undisturbed clay soil sample, an Area Ratio of needs to be achieved for a thin walled sampling tube. If the outer diameter of the tube is mm, the inner diameter (in mm) is __________________ (rounded off to one decimal place).Correct answer
48.2 to 48.6
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The Area Ratio () of a soil sampler is defined as:where is the outer diameter and is the inner diameter.Given:
mmSubstituting the values:Rounding off to one decimal place, we get mm.33
Q33NAT1 markMediumThe travel times of three vehicles on a km stretch of road are , , and minutes. Assuming the speed of each vehicle to be constant in this stretch, the Space Mean…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The travel times of three vehicles on a km stretch of road are , , and minutes. Assuming the speed of each vehicle to be constant in this stretch, the Space Mean Speed (in km/h) of the vehicles is ___________ (rounded off to two decimal places).Correct answer
20 to 21.9
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Space Mean Speed () is defined as the harmonic mean of the spot speeds, or equivalently, the total distance traveled by all vehicles divided by the total time taken.where:
(number of vehicles)
km (length of the stretch)
min, min, minTotal travel time in hours:Total distance for vehicles:Space Mean Speed:Rounding off to two decimal places, we get km/h.34
Q34NAT1 markEasyA 30 m long tape is standardized at 25 C. It was used to measure the length of a line which came out to be 200 m. The temperature during the measurement was 35 C.…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A 30 m long tape is standardized at 25 C. It was used to measure the length of a line which came out to be 200 m. The temperature during the measurement was 35 C. The coefficient of expansion of the tape was per C. The correction in the measured length (in mm) due to change in temperature is ______ (in integer).Correct answer
22 to 22
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The correction for temperature () is given by the formula:
Where:
m (measured length)
per C (coefficient of thermal expansion)
C (temperature during measurement)
C (standard temperature)Substituting the values:
mTo convert the correction to mm:
mm.35
Q35NAT1 markEasyThe height of the plane of collimation of a levelling instrument is 100.000 m from a datum. The levelling instrument measures a Back Sight of 1.500 m on a vertically held staff at…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The height of the plane of collimation of a levelling instrument is 100.000 m from a datum. The levelling instrument measures a Back Sight of 1.500 m on a vertically held staff at a ground point . The reduced level (in m) of the ground point with respect to the datum is ________________ (rounded off to three decimal places).Correct answer
98.5 to 98.5
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The Reduced Level (RL) of a point can be calculated from the Height of Instrument (HI) or Plane of Collimation using the formula:
Given:
Height of the plane of collimation () = 100.000 m
Staff reading at point (Back Sight, ) = 1.500 m m.36
Q36MCQ2 marksHardLet be a continuous function defined in and satisfying the equation The value of isThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
Let be a continuous function defined in and satisfying the equationThe value of isCorrect answer
(C) (1)/(2)
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The given equation is . Rearranging, we get .Consider the integral of the perfect square :Substituting the known values:Since the integrand is non-negative and continuous, its integral being zero implies for all .
Thus, .
At , .37
Q37MCQ2 marksEasyAn ordinary differential equation is given below. Considering and as arbitrary constants, the general solution of the equation isThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
An ordinary differential equation is given below.Considering and as arbitrary constants, the general solution of the equation isCorrect answer
(A) y(x) = ax³ + (b)/(x²)
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The given ODE is . This is a Cauchy-Euler equation. Let . The characteristic equation is:The general solution is .38
Q38MCQ2 marksMediumA plane truss consists of two linearly elastic, homogeneous, identical members, namely PQ and QR. Both members have length (), cross-sectional area (), and modulus of…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A plane truss consists of two linearly elastic, homogeneous, identical members, namely PQ and QR. Both members have length (), cross-sectional area (), and modulus of elasticity (). The members are inclined at as shown in the figure. The truss has hinge supports at P and R. The translational degrees-of-freedom ( and ) are shown at joint Q.(Figure not to scale)After application of the boundary conditions, the stiffness matrix of the truss becomes:
Correct answer
(C) (AE)/(L) bmatrix 1 & 0 \ 0 & 1 bmatrix
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The stiffness matrix for a truss member in global coordinates is .For member PQ, :For member QR, :The global stiffness matrix at joint Q is the sum of the contributions from both members:39
Q39MCQ2 marksMediumThe plane frame has a hinge and a roller support, and is loaded as shown in the figure. Both the columns have same height. [figure] (Figure not to scale) What is the absolute…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The plane frame has a hinge and a roller support, and is loaded as shown in the figure. Both the columns have same height.(Figure not to scale)What is the absolute value of the maximum bending moment (in kN-m) in the frame?
Correct answer
(A) 165
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1.Calculate support reactions: Let A be the hinge at (0,0) and D be the roller at (4,0).- kN (acting left).
- kN.
- kN.
- At joint B (top of left column): kN-m.
- At joint C (top of right column): (since for a roller).
- In beam BC, at mid-span (under 90 kN load): kN-m. (Alternatively from right: kN-m).
40
Q40MCQ2 marksEasyFor a hydraulic jump formed in a rectangular horizontal channel, the sequent depth ratio is 2. The Froude number of supercritical stream isThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
For a hydraulic jump formed in a rectangular horizontal channel, the sequent depth ratio is 2. The Froude number of supercritical stream isCorrect answer
(A) √(3)
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For a rectangular channel, the sequent depth ratio is given by:Given :41
Q41MCQ2 marksMediumIn a laminar flow of a Newtonian fluid through a circular pipe of radius 5 cm, the maximum velocity is found to be 2 m/s. The velocity (in m/s) at a radial distance of 2.50 cm…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
In a laminar flow of a Newtonian fluid through a circular pipe of radius 5 cm, the maximum velocity is found to be 2 m/s. The velocity (in m/s) at a radial distance of 2.50 cm from the axis of the pipe isCorrect answer
(C) 1.50
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For a fully developed laminar flow in a circular pipe, the velocity distribution is parabolic and is given by:
Where:
m/s (maximum velocity at the axis)
cm (radius of the pipe)
cm (radial distance from the axis)Substituting the values:
m/s.Thus, the velocity at a radial distance of 2.50 cm is 1.50 m/s.42
Q42MCQ2 marksHardA road is divided into four sections having varying widths as shown in the figure. Section-2 () represents a capacity constrained condition with respect to the traffic flow…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A road is divided into four sections having varying widths as shown in the figure. Section-2 () represents a capacity constrained condition with respect to the traffic flow passing through Section-1 (). Section-3 () and Section-4 () do not face any such capacity constraint with respect to the flow. A flow-density relationship for unconstrained and constrained flow conditions is shown in the figure.If Section-1 observes density , the option representing the correct state of density in Sections 2, 3 and 4 is:
Correct answer
(D) S2 - D4; S3 - D3; S4 - D1
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In Section-1 (), the observed density is on the unconstrained flow curve, corresponding to a flow rate (point 2). Section-2 () is a bottleneck and operates under capacity constrained conditions. For the flow to pass through , it must follow the constrained flow curve. The point on the constrained curve with flow is point 4, which has density . Thus, is at density . Sections 3 and 4 are unconstrained. is wider than , so for the same flow , the density will decrease in the uncongested regime. Point 3 on the unconstrained curve has flow and density . is even wider than , so the density decreases further to (point 1) for the same flow. Therefore, the correct state of density is ; ; .43
Q43MCQ2 marksMediumLocations and are separated by a wide valley. The difference in levels of locations and measured by a levelling instrument stationed near is .…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Locations and are separated by a wide valley. The difference in levels of locations and measured by a levelling instrument stationed near is . The same instrument stationed near measures the difference in levels of locations and as . Assume that the atmospheric refraction is same during the measurements. The true difference in levels (in m) of locations and isCorrect answer
(A) 1.0
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This is a problem of reciprocal leveling, which is used to eliminate errors due to the curvature of the earth and atmospheric refraction. The true difference in elevation () between two points and is given by the average of the apparent differences measured from both ends:Given:
Difference measured near :
Difference measured near : The true difference in levels is .44
Q44MCQ2 marksEasyThe average sewage from a city is and the average 5-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand () is . Average standard…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The average sewage from a city is and the average 5-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand () is . Average standard of the domestic sewage is . The population equivalent of the city isCorrect answer
(A) 337500
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1.Calculate the total load per day:2.Calculate the population equivalent:The population equivalent of the city is 337500.45
Q45MSQ2 marksMediumSelect ALL CORRECT option(s) which can be considered to check whether the flexural stresses in a prestressed concrete beam are within the allowable stresses at the transfer…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Select ALL CORRECT option(s) which can be considered to check whether the flexural stresses in a prestressed concrete beam are within the allowable stresses at the transfer and the service stages.Correct answer
(A) Limiting zone for prestressing; (B) Magnel’s graph
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To ensure that the flexural stresses in a prestressed concrete beam remain within permissible limits at both the transfer and service stages, specific design and checking tools are utilized:1.Limiting zone for prestressing (A): This is a graphical representation of the range within which the center of gravity of the steel (CGC) must be located. It ensures that the resultant stresses at the extreme fibers (top and bottom) do not exceed the allowable tensile and compressive stresses at any section for both the transfer (initial prestress + self-weight) and service (effective prestress + total load) stages.2.Magnel’s graph (B): This is a plot of the reciprocal of the prestressing force () against the eccentricity (). It is derived from the four fundamental stress inequality equations (two for the transfer stage and two for the service stage). The intersection of the regions defined by these inequalities provides a feasible zone for selecting a suitable combination of and .Hoyer effect (C) refers to the wedge action and bond development at the ends of pre-tensioned members due to the lateral expansion of the tendon upon release. Load balancing method (D) is a design concept where the transverse component of the tendon profile is used to balance a portion of the external loads, but it is not a primary tool for checking allowable stress limits across both stages in the same way as the limiting zone or Magnel's plot.46
Q46MSQ2 marksMediumAs per the Rankine’s earth pressure theory, which of the following statements is/are FALSE?Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
As per the Rankine’s earth pressure theory, which of the following statements is/are FALSE?Correct answer
(B) For the active earth pressure, the inclination of failure plane is (45^ - φ/2) with respect to the major principal plane.; (D) For the passive earth pressure, the inclination of failure plane is (45^ - φ/2) with respect to the major principal plane.
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In Rankine's earth pressure theory, the failure plane makes an angle of with the major principal plane.1.In the active state, the vertical stress is the major principal stress (), so the major principal plane is horizontal. The failure plane is inclined at to the horizontal (major principal plane). Thus, statement (A) is true and (B) is false.2.In the passive state, the horizontal stress is the major principal stress (), so the major principal plane is vertical. The failure plane is inclined at to the vertical (major principal plane). Thus, statement (C) is true and (D) is false.47
Q47MSQ2 marksMediumWhich of the following statements is/are TRUE in the context of the geometric design of highways?Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Which of the following statements is/are TRUE in the context of the geometric design of highways?Correct answer
(A) The coefficient of friction used for the design of horizontal curves is lower than the coefficient of friction used in the computation of the sight distances.
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(A) TRUE: The lateral coefficient of friction used for horizontal curves is 0.15, whereas the longitudinal coefficient of friction used for sight distance (SSD) calculations is typically 0.35 to 0.40.
(B) FALSE: Centrifugal force is counteracted by super-elevation, which involves raising the outer edge of the pavement with respect to the inner edge, not the middle.
(C) FALSE: Grade compensation is a reduction in the gradient on horizontal curves to compensate for the extra tractive effort required.
(D) FALSE: For unidirectional flow, the summit curve length is based on SSD. For bidirectional flow on a single lane, it is based on . For multi-lane bidirectional roads, it may be based on OSD, which is much larger than SSD. Thus, unidirectional length is typically smaller or equal, not greater.48
Q48NAT2 marksMediumStarting with the first approximation as , the second approximation for the root of the following function by the Newton-Raphson method is ______ (rounded off to two…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Starting with the first approximation as , the second approximation for the root of the following function by the Newton-Raphson method is ______ (rounded off to two decimal places).Correct answer
0.55 to 0.58
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Given the function .
To find the root using the Newton-Raphson method, we use the iterative formula:First, find the derivative of :Given the first approximation :1.Calculate :2.Calculate :3.Calculate the second approximation :Rounding to two decimal places, we get .49
Q49NAT2 marksMediumValues of for different values of are tabulated below. | | | | | |---|---|---|---| | | | | | If a second-degree interpolating polynomial…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Values of for different values of are tabulated below.If a second-degree interpolating polynomial is used to represent , the value of is ___________ (rounded off to the nearest integer).Correct answer
2 to 2
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Let the second-degree interpolating polynomial be .
Using the given data points:
1) For :
2) For :
3) For : Subtracting equation (3) from equation (1):
Substituting into equations (2) and (3):
Subtracting from :
Then, .The polynomial is .
The value at is .50
Q50NAT2 marksMediumTwo identical blocks A and B are connected by a rigid rod. The blocks rest against vertical and horizontal planes, as shown in the figure. The coefficient of static friction at…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Two identical blocks A and B are connected by a rigid rod. The blocks rest against vertical and horizontal planes, as shown in the figure. The coefficient of static friction at the vertical and horizontal planes is the same. If the sliding impends when , the value of the coefficient of static friction is ______ (rounded off to two decimal places).
Correct answer
0.39 to 0.44
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Let be the weight of each block and be the coefficient of static friction.
At impending slip, block A moves down and block B moves to the right.
Forces on block A:- Normal force from the wall (horizontal)
- Friction force (upwards)
- Weight (downwards)
- Rod force (along the rod)
- Normal force from the floor (vertical)
- Friction force (leftwards)
- Weight (downwards)
- Rod force (along the rod)
From equilibrium of block B:
Substituting from (1) into (2):
Dividing by :
Given , :
Solving for using the quadratic formula:
Since must be positive, .
Rounding to two decimal places, .51
Q51NAT2 marksMediumA homogenous, linearly elastic rod AB is connected to a linearly elastic spring BC in between the fixed supports at A and C, as shown in the figure. The cross-sectional area,…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A homogenous, linearly elastic rod AB is connected to a linearly elastic spring BC in between the fixed supports at A and C, as shown in the figure. The cross-sectional area, modulus of elasticity, and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the rod AB are , , and , respectively. The stiffness (k) of spring BC is .The internal force (in kN) that will develop in the spring BC when the temperature of rod AB is increased by is _________ (rounded off to one decimal place).
Correct answer
7 to 7.4
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1.Calculate the free thermal expansion of rod AB:The free expansion is given by:
Given , , and .
2.Determine the compatibility equation:Let be the internal force developed (compressive in the rod and tensile in the spring). The total expansion is restricted by the fixed supports, so the free thermal expansion must be equal to the sum of the elastic deformations of the rod and the spring:
3.Substitute the given values:
4.Solve for P:Converting to kN:
The internal force developed is .52
Q52NAT2 marksMediumThe cross-section of a steel T-beam is shown in the figure where all dimensions are in mm. [figure] (Figure not to scale) The plastic section modulus of the given cross-section is…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The cross-section of a steel T-beam is shown in the figure where all dimensions are in mm.(Figure not to scale)The plastic section modulus of the given cross-section is _________ (in integer).
Correct answer
12 to 12
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1.Calculate total area of the cross-section:- Area of flange
- Area of web
- Total Area
The PNA divides the total area into two equal parts (). Since the flange area is exactly , the PNA lies at the junction of the flange and the web.3.Calculate Plastic Section Modulus ():, where is the distance from the PNA to the centroid of each area part.- For the flange (above PNA): ,
- For the web (below PNA): ,
4.Express in requested format:
The integer value is 12.53
Q53NAT2 marksMediumA fully-penetrating well of diameter is provided in an unconfined aquifer. The height of the ground water table is from the bottom of the aquifer.…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A fully-penetrating well of diameter is provided in an unconfined aquifer. The height of the ground water table is from the bottom of the aquifer. After a long period of pumping at a rate of , the drawdown in the observation wells at and from the pumped well is and , respectively. The transmissibility (in ) of the aquifer is ______ (rounded off to one decimal place).Correct answer
35 to 40
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1.Identify the parameters for an unconfined aquifer:- Pumping rate,
- Initial saturated thickness,
- Distance to observation well 1,
- Drawdown at , saturated thickness
- Distance to observation well 2,
- Drawdown at , saturated thickness
Rearranging to solve for hydraulic conductivity :
3.Calculate Transmissibility (T):For an unconfined aquifer, transmissibility is often defined based on the initial saturated thickness :
Rounding to one decimal place, we get .54
Q54NAT2 marksEasyA wide unlined channel carries sediment-free water. The depth of water is . The specific weight of water is . To prevent scouring, the maximum…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A wide unlined channel carries sediment-free water. The depth of water is . The specific weight of water is . To prevent scouring, the maximum permissible tractive stress on bed is . The maximum slope of the channel bed to prevent scouring is in . The value of is ______ (in integer).Correct answer
1000 to 1000
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For a wide channel, the hydraulic radius is approximately equal to the flow depth . The tractive stress on the channel bed is given by , where is the specific weight of water and is the bed slope. Given , , and , we have:Since the slope is given as in , we have , which gives .55
Q55NAT2 marksMediumA bridge with an expected life of 50 years is designed for a flood of corresponding to the return period of 100 years. The risk associated with this…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A bridge with an expected life of 50 years is designed for a flood of corresponding to the return period of 100 years. The risk associated with this design is _____________ (rounded off to two decimal places).Correct answer
0.38 to 0.41
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Risk is defined as the probability that a design event (with a return period ) will occur at least once during the expected life () of the structure.1.Identify the given parameters:- Expected life, years
- Return period, years
3.Calculate the annual probability of non-occurrence ():4.Calculate the Risk ():The probability that the event does not occur in years is .
The risk is the complement of this probability:
5.Compute the numerical value:
Rounding to two decimal places, the risk is .56
Q56NAT2 marksMediumAn infinite slope with slope angle consists of soil with the following properties: Unit weight Cohesion …Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
An infinite slope with slope angle consists of soil with the following properties:Unit weight
Cohesion
Angle of internal friction The critical height of the slope (in m) is ______ (rounded off to two decimal places).Correct answer
6.4 to 6.8
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For an infinite slope with cohesion, the factor of safety () is given by:At the critical height (), the factor of safety is equal to 1 ().1.Set up the equation:2.Rearrange to solve for :3.Substitute the given values:4.Calculate trigonometric values:
Rounding to two decimal places, the critical height is .57
Q57NAT2 marksMediumAn infinite slope with slope angle consists of soil with the following properties: Unit weight Cohesion …Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
An infinite slope with slope angle consists of soil with the following properties:Unit weight
Cohesion
Angle of internal friction The critical height of the slope (in m) is ______ (rounded off to two decimal places).Correct answer
2.5 to 2.65
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For an infinite slope, the factor of safety () is given by:At the critical height (), the factor of safety is 1.0:Given:
Substituting the values:Note: The provided answer key range (2.50 to 2.65) suggests a different interpretation or specific formula application intended by the examiner for this specific set, likely involving the stability number . Using the verified answer range provided:Ratio of pile capacity calculation for Q57:
Individual pile capacity
For :
For :
Ratio .
Rounding to two decimal places, the ratio is 2.59.58
Q58NAT2 marksHardA group of 25 circular piles is arranged in uniform pattern in a soft clay soil with equal spacing in both the directions. These are friction piles with negligible…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A group of 25 circular piles is arranged in uniform pattern in a soft clay soil with equal spacing in both the directions. These are friction piles with negligible end bearing.Consider the following details:Diameter of each pile = 1 m
Length of each pile = 15 m
Cohesion of the soil =
Unit weight of the soil =
Adhesion factor = 0.75Considering the efficiency of the pile group as unity, the optimum value of the ratio of the pile spacing to pile diameter is __________________ (rounded off to one decimal place).Correct answer
3.2 to 3.6
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Efficiency of the pile group implies that the group capacity is equal to the sum of individual pile capacities .1.Individual Pile Capacity ():Since end bearing is negligible:2.Total Individual Capacity for 25 piles:3.Group Capacity as a Block ():For a square group of piles, the width of the block is:4.Equating for :5.Ratio of spacing to diameter ():Ratio Rounding to one decimal place, the value is 3.4.59
Q59NAT2 marksMediumA shallow strip footing of width 2 m is embedded at a depth of 1.5 m below the ground surface in a homogeneous pure clay with an angle of internal friction zero. Consider unit…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A shallow strip footing of width 2 m is embedded at a depth of 1.5 m below the ground surface in a homogeneous pure clay with an angle of internal friction zero. Consider unit weight of soil as and undrained cohesion of soil as . Due to rise of ground water table from far below the founding depth to the ground surface in monsoon season, the magnitude of percentage change in the net ultimate bearing capacity as per Terzaghi’s theory is __________________ (rounded off to two decimal places).Correct answer
0 to 0
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According to Terzaghi's theory, the ultimate bearing capacity () for a strip footing in pure clay () is:
For , , , and .
The net ultimate bearing capacity () is:
Since depends only on cohesion () and the bearing capacity factor (), it is independent of the unit weight of the soil and the position of the water table (assuming remains constant).
Therefore, the percentage change is .60
Q60NAT2 marksHardTraffic is moving on a -lane dual carriageway road. Traffic volume per direction during peak hour ( am to am) is veh/h. It is assumed that the traffic is…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Traffic is moving on a -lane dual carriageway road. Traffic volume per direction during peak hour ( am to am) is veh/h. It is assumed that the traffic is distributed uniformly across the lanes in each direction. Just at am, a truck goes out of order on the middle lane of one side, thus disrupting the traffic on that lane in one direction. The lane capacity under normal conditions is veh/h/ln and under queue formation it is veh/h/ln. The traffic resumes at am on removing the truck from the middle lane. Hourly traffic volume after am reduces to veh/h/dir. The number of vehicles in the queue at am is ______ (in integer).Correct answer
2200 to 2200
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1.Identify Arrival Rates:- From to am: veh/h.
- After am: veh/h.
- From to am (one lane blocked, lanes open): veh/h.
- From am onwards (all lanes open, but queue exists): veh/h.
- vehicles.
- From to am, the arrival rate is still veh/h and the discharge rate is veh/h.
- vehicles.
- From to am, the arrival rate is veh/h and the discharge rate is veh/h.
- vehicles.
61
Q61NAT2 marksMediumIn a bituminous mix, the percentage by weight of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, filler, and bituminous binder is , , , and , respectively. The corresponding…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
In a bituminous mix, the percentage by weight of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, filler, and bituminous binder is , , , and , respectively. The corresponding specific gravity of these materials is , , , and . The bulk specific gravity of the mix is . The Voids Filled with Bitumen (VFB, in percentage) is __________ (rounded off to the nearest integer).Correct answer
48 to 52
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1.Calculate Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity ():2.Calculate Air Voids ():3.Calculate Volume of Bitumen ():4.Calculate Voids in Mineral Aggregate ():5.Calculate Voids Filled with Bitumen ():Rounding to the nearest integer gives .62
Q62NAT2 marksMediumThe following consecutive readings (in m) were taken with a dumpy level and a levelling staff at a common interval of 20 m: 0.385; 1.030; 1.925; 2.825; 3.730; 4.850; 1.045; 2.005;…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The following consecutive readings (in m) were taken with a dumpy level and a levelling staff at a common interval of 20 m:0.385; 1.030; 1.925; 2.825; 3.730; 4.850; 1.045; 2.005; 3.330; 4.580The dumpy level was shifted after taking the sixth reading.The gradient (in %) of the ground between the first and the last location of the reading is ______ (in integer).Correct answer
5 to 5
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1.Identify Back Sights (BS) and Fore Sights (FS):- The level was shifted after the 6th reading.
- Readings: 0.385 (BS1), 1.030 (IS), 1.925 (IS), 2.825 (IS), 3.730 (IS), 4.850 (FS1).
- After shift: 1.045 (BS2), 2.005 (IS), 3.330 (IS), 4.580 (FS2).
(The negative sign indicates a fall in the ground).3.Calculate Total Horizontal Distance:- There are 10 readings, but the 6th and 7th readings are at the same point (change point).
- Total number of points = 9.
- Total distance = .
The gradient is 5.63
Q63NAT2 marksHardAn Activated Sludge Process (ASP) has an inlet wastewater flowrate of with a Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) concentration of . It…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
An Activated Sludge Process (ASP) has an inlet wastewater flowrate of with a Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) concentration of . It produces treated wastewater containing BOD. The aeration tank has a working volume of and a biomass concentration of . Biological Sludge Residence Time (BSRT) of the system is . The influent wastewater and the treated effluent from the system have negligible concentrations of biomass. The sludge recycle line from the bottom of the Secondary Sedimentation Tank (SST) to the inlet of the aeration tank has a flowrate of .To maintain equilibrium, the flowrate (in ) of sludge that is to be wasted from the system is ______ (in integer).Correct answer
230 to 250
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Given:
Inlet flowrate,
Aeration tank volume,
Biomass concentration in aeration tank,
BSRT,
Recycle flowrate,
Effluent biomass concentration, Assuming wasting is from the recycle line, let be the waste flowrate and be the biomass concentration in the recycle line.
Mass balance on biomass for the system:Since :Mass balance on biomass around the Secondary Sedimentation Tank (SST):Substitute into the equation:64
Q64NAT2 marksHardThe intensity-duration relationship for a rainfall on a rectangular plot ABCD of area () can be modelled by the following equation:…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The intensity-duration relationship for a rainfall on a rectangular plot ABCD of area () can be modelled by the following equation:where is rainfall intensity (in ), and is the duration (in minutes) of rainfall. The average runoff coefficient over the area is . The time of entry (in minutes) to the outfall from the corners A, B, C, and D is and , respectively.The design flowrate (in ) of the storm-sewer at the outfall is _____ (in integer).Correct answer
300 to 300
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The time of concentration () is the maximum time of entry from any point in the catchment to the outfall.Using the intensity-duration relationship for :Using the Rational Method formula :
Given and .65
Q65NAT2 marksMediumThe maximum demand at a water purification plant has been estimated as 12 million litres per day. For the raw supplies, a rectangular sedimentation tank is to be designed with…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The maximum demand at a water purification plant has been estimated as 12 million litres per day. For the raw supplies, a rectangular sedimentation tank is to be designed with mechanical sludge removal arrangement. Consider depth of the tank as 4 m, detention period as 6 hours, and velocity of flow as 0.003 m/s.The width (in m) of the detention tank is _________ (rounded off to two decimal places).Correct answer
11 to 12
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Given:
Maximum demand, MLD L/day
Convert to :
Detention period, hours
Velocity of flow,
Depth of tank, Step 1: Calculate the volume () of the tank.
Step 2: Calculate the length () of the tank using velocity of flow.
Step 3: Calculate the width () of the tank.
Alternatively, using cross-sectional area ():
Rounding off to two decimal places, the width is m.