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GATE ME 2022 Set 1
All 65 solved GATE ME 2022 Set 1 questions in exam order. Open a question, commit to an answer, and learn from the step-by-step solution. One question at a time.
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65
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100
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General Aptitude (GA)
101
Q1MCQ1 markEasyAfter playing _______ hours of tennis, I am feeling _______ tired to walk back.Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
After playing _______ hours of tennis, I am feeling _______ tired to walk back.Correct answer
(D) two / too
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In the first blank, we need a numerical quantifier for the noun 'hours'. 'two' is the correct word. In the second blank, we need an adverb to modify the adjective 'tired' to indicate degree. 'too' is used to mean 'to an excessive degree'. Thus, 'two / too' is the correct combination.2
Q2MCQ1 markEasyThe average of the monthly salaries of , and is ₹ . The average of the monthly salaries of , and is ₹ . The monthly salary of is ₹ .…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The average of the monthly salaries of , and is ₹ . The average of the monthly salaries of , and is ₹ . The monthly salary of is ₹ .What is the monthly salary of as a percentage of the monthly salary of ?Correct answer
(A) 50%
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1.From the first statement: .2.From the second statement: .3.Given , substitute into the second equation: .4.Substitute into the first equation: .5.Calculate as a percentage of : .3
Q3MCQ1 markEasyA person travelled in . If the person travelled the first part with a uniform speed of and the remaining part with a uniform speed…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A person travelled in . If the person travelled the first part with a uniform speed of and the remaining part with a uniform speed of .What percentage of the total distance is travelled at a uniform speed of ?Correct answer
(C) 43.75
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Let be the time spent traveling at and be the time spent traveling at .
Total time:
Total distance:
Substitute :
Distance at
Percentage of total distance .4
Q4MCQ1 markEasyFour girls P, Q, R and S are studying languages in a University. P is learning French and Dutch. Q is learning Chinese and Japanese. R is learning Spanish and French. S is…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Four girls P, Q, R and S are studying languages in a University. P is learning French and Dutch. Q is learning Chinese and Japanese. R is learning Spanish and French. S is learning Dutch and Japanese.Given that: French is easier than Dutch; Chinese is harder than Japanese; Dutch is easier than Japanese, and Spanish is easier than French.Based on the above information, which girl is learning the most difficult pair of languages?Correct answer
(B) Q
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1.Establish the difficulty order of the languages based on the given statements:- Spanish < French (Spanish is easier than French)
- French < Dutch (French is easier than Dutch)
- Dutch < Japanese (Dutch is easier than Japanese)
- Japanese < Chinese (Chinese is harder than Japanese)
2.Evaluate the pairs for each girl:- P: {French, Dutch}
- Q: {Chinese, Japanese}
- R: {Spanish, French}
- S: {Dutch, Japanese}
5
Q5MCQ1 markMedium[figure] A block with a trapezoidal cross-section is placed over a block with rectangular cross section as shown above. Which one of the following is the correct drawing of the…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A block with a trapezoidal cross-section is placed over a block with rectangular cross section as shown above. Which one of the following is the correct drawing of the view of the 3D object as viewed in the direction indicated by an arrow in the above figure?
Correct answer
(A) [figure]
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The arrow indicates a view from the right side of the object. Looking from this direction:1.The bottom block (rectangular prism) will appear as a rectangle.2.The top block (trapezoidal prism) will appear as a trapezoid.3.In the 3D illustration, the right face of the top block is flush (aligned in the same plane) with the right face of the bottom block.4.Therefore, in the 2D projection from the right, the right vertical edge of the trapezoid and the right vertical edge of the rectangle must form a single continuous vertical line.Option (A) correctly shows this right-side alignment.6
Q6MCQ2 marksMediumHumans are naturally compassionate and honest. In a study using strategically placed wallets that appear “lost”, it was found that wallets with money are more likely to be…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Humans are naturally compassionate and honest. In a study using strategically placed wallets that appear “lost”, it was found that wallets with money are more likely to be returned than wallets without money. Similarly, wallets that had a key and money are more likely to be returned than wallets with the same amount of money alone. This suggests that the primary reason for this behavior is compassion and empathy.Which one of the following is the CORRECT logical inference based on the information in the above passage?Correct answer
(B) Wallets with a key are more likely to be returned because people relate to suffering of others
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The passage states that the presence of a key (an item of personal value but no monetary value to the finder) increases the likelihood of a wallet being returned. It explicitly attributes this behavior to 'compassion and empathy'. Empathy involves understanding and sharing the feelings of another person. Returning a wallet because it contains a key implies the finder recognizes the distress or 'suffering' the owner would face by losing access to their home or property. Thus, option (B) is the most direct logical inference. Option (A) is incorrect because the study shows people do care about money (wallets with money are returned more than those without). Option (C) is not supported by the text. Option (D) is contradicted by the fact that keys increase return rates over money alone.7
Q7MCQ2 marksMediumA rhombus is formed by joining the midpoints of the sides of a unit square. What is the diameter of the largest circle that can be inscribed within the rhombus?Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A rhombus is formed by joining the midpoints of the sides of a unit square. What is the diameter of the largest circle that can be inscribed within the rhombus?Correct answer
(A) 1√(2)
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Let the unit square have vertices at . The midpoints of the sides are . Joining these midpoints forms a square (which is a special type of rhombus) with side length . The largest circle that can be inscribed in a square of side has a diameter equal to the side length . Therefore, the diameter is .8
Q8MCQ2 marksEasyAn equilateral triangle, a square and a circle have equal areas. What is the ratio of the perimeters of the equilateral triangle to square to circle?Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
An equilateral triangle, a square and a circle have equal areas. What is the ratio of the perimeters of the equilateral triangle to square to circle?Correct answer
(B) (3√(3)): 2: √(π)
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Let the area of the equilateral triangle, square, and circle be .1.For the equilateral triangle with side : . Perimeter .2.For the square with side : . Perimeter .3.For the circle with radius : . Perimeter .The ratio .9
Q9MCQ2 marksEasyGiven below are three conclusions drawn based on the following three statements. Statement 1: All teachers are professors. Statement 2: No professor is a male. Statement…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Given below are three conclusions drawn based on the following three statements.Statement 1: All teachers are professors.
Statement 2: No professor is a male.
Statement 3: Some males are engineers.Conclusion I: No engineer is a professor.
Conclusion II: Some engineers are professors.
Conclusion III: No male is a teacher.Which one of the following options can be logically inferred?Correct answer
(A) Only conclusion III is correct
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Statement 1: (All teachers are professors)
Statement 2: (No professor is a male)
Statement 3: (Some males are engineers)Conclusion I: . This is not necessarily true. While the engineers who are males cannot be professors, there could be other engineers who are not males and are professors.
Conclusion II: . This is also not necessarily true.
Conclusion III: . Since and , it follows that . Thus, no male is a teacher. This is logically correct.Therefore, only conclusion III is correct.10
Q10MCQ2 marksHardIn a 12-hour clock that runs correctly, how many times do the second, minute, and hour hands of the clock coincide, in a 12-hour duration from 3 PM in a day to 3 AM the next day?Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
In a 12-hour clock that runs correctly, how many times do the second, minute, and hour hands of the clock coincide, in a 12-hour duration from 3 PM in a day to 3 AM the next day?- A.11
- B.12
- C.144
- D.2
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Correct answer
(MTA)
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In a 12-hour period, the minute and hour hands coincide exactly 11 times. These times are , , , etc. Although the question asks for all three hands (including the second hand) to coincide, which technically only happens at , the standard interpretation for this specific GATE question (and the official answer key) is the number of coincidences of the minute and hour hands. In the 12-hour interval from 3 PM to 3 AM, the minute and hour hands coincide 11 times.- A.
Mechanical Engineering
5511
Q11MCQ1 markMediumThe limit has a finite value for a real . The value of and the…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The limit has a finite value for a real . The value of and the corresponding limit areCorrect answer
(A) α = -3π, and p = π
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For the limit to be finite, the numerator must be zero at because the denominator is zero.Applying L'Hopital's rule:Thus, and .12
Q12MCQ1 markEasySolution of in a square domain ( and ) with boundary conditions: ; ; ; isThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
Solution of in a square domain ( and ) with boundary conditions:
; ; ;
isCorrect answer
(B) T(x, y) = x + y
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The given function satisfies the Laplace equation:Checking the boundary conditions:1. (Satisfied)2. (Satisfied)3. (Satisfied)4. (Satisfied)Since all conditions are met, is the correct solution.13
Q13MCQ1 markMediumGiven a function in three-dimensional Cartesian space, the value of the surface integral…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Given a function in three-dimensional Cartesian space, the value of the surface integral where is the surface of a sphere of unit radius and is the outward unit normal vector on , isCorrect answer
(A) 4π
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Given .
The gradient of is:
.
By Gauss Divergence Theorem, the surface integral over a closed surface is equal to the volume integral of the divergence of the vector field over the volume enclosed by :Here, .
The divergence is:
.
Thus, the integral becomes:Since the sphere has a unit radius ():
.
Therefore, the value of the integral is .14
Q14MCQ1 markEasyThe Fourier series expansion of in the interval with periodic continuation hasThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
The Fourier series expansion of in the interval with periodic continuation hasCorrect answer
(A) only sine terms
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Let .
Check for symmetry in the interval :
.
Since , the function is an odd function.
For an odd function defined on a symmetric interval , the Fourier series coefficients and (cosine terms) are zero:
The series will only contain coefficients (sine terms):
Therefore, the expansion has only sine terms.15
Q15MCQ1 markEasyIf is a symmetric matrix, the value of is ___________.Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
If is a symmetric matrix, the value of is ___________.Correct answer
(A) 8
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A matrix is symmetric if , which implies that the elements for all .
For the given matrix:
The condition for symmetry is .
Rearranging the terms to solve for :
Thus, the value of is 8.16
Q16MCQ1 markHardA uniform light slender beam AB of section modulus is pinned by a frictionless joint A to the ground and supported by a light inextensible cable CB to hang a weight as…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A uniform light slender beam AB of section modulus is pinned by a frictionless joint A to the ground and supported by a light inextensible cable CB to hang a weight as shown. If the maximum value of to avoid buckling of the beam AB is obtained as , where is the ratio of circumference to diameter of a circle, then the value of is
Correct answer
(A) 0.0924 m⁻²
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1.Analyze the forces at point B:Let be the tension in the cable CB and be the axial compressive force in the beam AB.
Resolving forces vertically at B: .
Resolving forces horizontally at B: .2.Euler's Buckling Load:The beam AB is pinned at both ends (A is a pin joint, and B is effectively pinned by the cable and weight).
The critical buckling load for a pinned-pinned column is given by:
where .3.Equate axial force to critical load:To avoid buckling, . The maximum value of occurs when .
4.Find :Given , we have .17
Q17MCQ1 markMediumThe figure shows a schematic of a simple Watt governor mechanism with the spindle rotating at an angular velocity about a vertical axis. The balls at P and S…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The figure shows a schematic of a simple Watt governor mechanism with the spindle rotating at an angular velocity about a vertical axis. The balls at P and S have equal mass. Assume that there is no friction anywhere and all other components are massless and rigid. The vertical distance between the horizontal plane of rotation of the balls and the pivot is denoted by . The value of at a certain . If is doubled, the value of will be _________ mm.
Correct answer
(B) 100
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For a simple Watt governor, the height is related to the angular velocity by the formula:
where is the acceleration due to gravity.Given:
Initial height at angular velocity .
Final angular velocity .From the formula, .
Therefore,
.18
Q18MCQ1 markEasyA square threaded screw is used to lift a load by applying a force . Efficiency of square threaded screw is expressed asThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
A square threaded screw is used to lift a load by applying a force . Efficiency of square threaded screw is expressed asCorrect answer
(A) The ratio of work done by W per revolution to work done by F per revolution
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Efficiency () of any machine is defined as the ratio of useful work output to the total work input.For a screw jack:- Work Output per revolution: The load is lifted by a distance equal to the lead () of the screw. So, Output Work = .
- Work Input per revolution: The effort force is applied at a certain radius (usually mean radius ) and moves through a distance of in one revolution. So, Input Work = .
19
Q19MCQ1 markEasyA CNC worktable is driven in a linear direction by a lead screw connected directly to a stepper motor. The pitch of the lead screw is mm. The stepper motor completes one full…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A CNC worktable is driven in a linear direction by a lead screw connected directly to a stepper motor. The pitch of the lead screw is mm. The stepper motor completes one full revolution upon receiving pulses. If the worktable speed is m/minute and there is no missed pulse, then the pulse rate being received by the stepper motor isCorrect answer
(B) 10 kHz
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Given:
Pitch of lead screw () = mm/rev
Pulses per revolution () = pulses/rev
Worktable speed () = m/min = mm/minStep 1: Calculate the rotational speed of the motor ():
rev/minStep 2: Calculate the pulse rate ():
pulses/minStep 3: Convert pulse rate to Hz (pulses per second):
Hz = kHz.Therefore, the pulse rate is kHz.20
Q20MCQ1 markEasyThe type of fit between a mating shaft of diameter mm and a hole of diameter mm is __________.Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The type of fit between a mating shaft of diameter mm and a hole of diameter mm is __________.Correct answer
(B) Transition
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Step 1: Determine the limits for the shaft:
Upper limit = mm
Lower limit = mm
Shaft range: mmStep 2: Determine the limits for the hole:
Upper limit = mm
Lower limit = mm
Hole range: mmStep 3: Analyze the fit:- Maximum Shaft () > Minimum Hole () Interference is possible.
- Minimum Shaft () < Maximum Hole () Clearance is possible.
21
Q21MCQ1 markEasyIn a linear programming problem, if a resource is not fully utilized, the shadow price of that resource isThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
In a linear programming problem, if a resource is not fully utilized, the shadow price of that resource isCorrect answer
(C) zero
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The shadow price (or dual variable) of a resource represents the rate of change in the optimal objective function value per unit increase in the availability of that resource.According to the Complementary Slackness Theorem in Linear Programming:1.If a constraint is non-binding (i.e., the resource is not fully utilized, meaning there is a positive slack/surplus), then the corresponding dual variable (shadow price) must be zero.2.This is because adding more of an underutilized resource does not improve the objective function value.Thus, the shadow price is zero.22
Q22MCQ1 markEasyWhich one of the following is NOT a form of inventory?Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Which one of the following is NOT a form of inventory?Correct answer
(D) CNC Milling Machines
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Inventory refers to the goods and materials that a business holds for the ultimate goal of resale or production. Standard forms of inventory include:1.Raw materials: Basic materials used in the production process.2.Work-in-process (WIP) materials: Partially finished goods awaiting completion.3.Finished goods: Completed products ready for sale.CNC Milling Machines are capital assets (fixed assets) used as equipment in the manufacturing process. They are not intended to be sold or consumed as part of the inventory in the normal course of business.23
Q23MCQ1 markEasyThe Clausius inequality holds good forThink it through. Then check your answer.Question
The Clausius inequality holds good forCorrect answer
(B) any cycle
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The Clausius inequality is a fundamental statement in thermodynamics that applies to any thermodynamic cycle. It states that the cyclic integral of the heat transfer divided by the absolute temperature at the boundary is less than or equal to zero:- For a reversible cycle, .
- For an irreversible cycle, .
24
Q24MCQ1 markMediumA tiny temperature probe is fully immersed in a flowing fluid and is moving with zero relative velocity with respect to the fluid. The velocity field in the fluid is…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A tiny temperature probe is fully immersed in a flowing fluid and is moving with zero relative velocity with respect to the fluid. The velocity field in the fluid is , and the temperature field in the fluid is , where and are the spatial coordinates, and is the time. The time rate of change of temperature recorded by the probe at is _______.Correct answer
(C) 18
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Since the probe moves with the fluid (zero relative velocity), it records the material derivative (also known as the substantial or total derivative) of the temperature field.The material derivative of temperature is given by:Given the temperature field :25
Q25MCQ1 markEasyIn the following two-dimensional momentum equation for natural convection over a surface immersed in a quiescent fluid at temperature ( is the gravitational…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
In the following two-dimensional momentum equation for natural convection over a surface immersed in a quiescent fluid at temperature ( is the gravitational acceleration, is the volumetric thermal expansion coefficient, is the kinematic viscosity, and are the velocities in and directions, respectively, and is the temperature)the term representsCorrect answer
(D) Buoyancy force per unit mass.
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The momentum equation for natural convection is derived from the Navier-Stokes equations using the Boussinesq approximation. In this approximation, density variations are neglected except in the buoyancy term. The equation is given by:For a quiescent fluid at infinity, the pressure gradient is balanced by the hydrostatic weight: . Substituting this into the equation:Using the definition of volumetric thermal expansion coefficient , we have . Dividing the entire equation by :Here, the term represents the net buoyancy force per unit mass acting on the fluid element.26
Q26MSQ1 markMediumAssuming the material considered in each statement is homogeneous, isotropic, linear elastic, and the deformations are in the elastic range, which one or more of the following…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Assuming the material considered in each statement is homogeneous, isotropic, linear elastic, and the deformations are in the elastic range, which one or more of the following statement(s) is/are TRUE?Correct answer
(A) A body subjected to hydrostatic pressure has no shear stress.; (B) If a long solid steel rod is subjected to tensile load, then its volume increases.
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Let's evaluate each statement:- Statement (A): Under hydrostatic pressure, the state of stress is . The maximum shear stress is . Thus, there is no shear stress. TRUE.
- Statement (B): For a rod under tensile load , the volumetric strain is . For steel, Poisson's ratio , which is less than . Therefore, , meaning the volume increases. TRUE.
- Statement (C): Maximum shear stress theory (Tresca) is primarily used for ductile materials. Brittle materials are typically analyzed using Maximum Principal Stress theory (Rankine). FALSE.
- Statement (D): Zero shear force () implies a constant bending moment (). According to the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, . If is a non-zero constant, the curvature is constant, and the elastic curve is a circular arc, not a straight line. A straight line requires . FALSE.
27
Q27MSQ1 markEasyWhich of the following heat treatment processes is/are used for surface hardening of steels?Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Which of the following heat treatment processes is/are used for surface hardening of steels?Correct answer
(A) Carburizing; (B) Cyaniding; (D) Carbonitriding
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Surface hardening (or case hardening) processes are designed to produce a hard, wear-resistant surface layer while maintaining a tough, ductile core. Common methods include:- Carburizing (A): Diffusion of carbon into the surface of low-carbon steel.
- Cyaniding (B): Diffusion of both carbon and nitrogen into the surface using a liquid cyanide bath.
- Carbonitriding (D): A gas-phase process that diffuses both carbon and nitrogen into the surface.
- Annealing (C) is a bulk heat treatment process used to soften the material, improve ductility, and relieve internal stresses; it is not a surface hardening process.
28
Q28MSQ1 markMediumWhich of the following additive manufacturing technique(s) can use a wire as a feedstock material?Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Which of the following additive manufacturing technique(s) can use a wire as a feedstock material?Correct answer
(B) Fused deposition modeling; (D) Directed energy deposition processes
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Stereolithography (SLA) uses liquid photopolymer resin. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) uses thermoplastic filament (often referred to as wire or string-like material). Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) uses powder material. Directed Energy Deposition (DED) processes can use either powder or wire feedstock, where the wire is melted by a laser, electron beam, or plasma arc. Therefore, FDM and DED are the techniques that can use a wire as a feedstock material.29
Q29MSQ1 markMediumWhich of the following methods can improve the fatigue strength of a circular mild steel (MS) shaft?Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Which of the following methods can improve the fatigue strength of a circular mild steel (MS) shaft?- A.Enhancing surface finish
- B.Shot peening of the shaft
- C.Increasing relative humidity
- D.Reducing relative humidity
Answer checking is unavailable for this question. You can review the published solution without a score.
Correct answer
(A) Enhancing surface finish; (B) Shot peening of the shaft; (D OR A); (B) Shot peening of the shaft
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Fatigue strength is significantly affected by surface conditions.
(A) Enhancing surface finish: A smoother surface reduces stress concentration points (e.g., scratches, machining marks), which are common sites for fatigue crack initiation. This improves fatigue strength.
(B) Shot peening of the shaft: Shot peening is a cold working process that introduces compressive residual stresses on the surface of the material. These compressive residual stresses counteract the tensile stresses that cause fatigue cracks, thereby increasing fatigue life and strength.
(C) Increasing relative humidity: Environmental factors like humidity can influence corrosion fatigue, but increasing humidity generally does not improve the intrinsic fatigue strength of the material; it can often accelerate corrosion.
(D) Reducing relative humidity: While reducing humidity might mitigate corrosion fatigue in some environments, it's not a direct method to improve the material's inherent fatigue strength in the same way surface treatments do. It's more about preventing degradation.
Therefore, enhancing surface finish and shot peening are direct methods to improve the fatigue strength of the shaft.- A.
30
Q30MSQ1 markHardThe figure shows a purely convergent nozzle with a steady, inviscid compressible flow of an ideal gas with constant thermophysical properties operating under choked condition. The…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The figure shows a purely convergent nozzle with a steady, inviscid compressible flow of an ideal gas with constant thermophysical properties operating under choked condition. The exit plane shown in the figure is located within the nozzle. If the inlet pressure () is increased while keeping the back pressure () unchanged, which of the following statements is/are true?
Correct answer
(B) Mach number at the exit plane of the nozzle will remain unchanged at unity.; (C) Mass flow rate through the nozzle will increase.
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For a purely convergent nozzle operating under choked conditions, the Mach number at the exit plane (throat) is exactly unity ().The mass flow rate () for a choked flow is given by the expression:where:- is the inlet stagnation pressure
- is the exit area
- is the inlet stagnation temperature
- is the ratio of specific heats
- is the specific gas constant
31
Q31NAT1 markMediumThe plane of the figure represents a horizontal plane. A thin rigid rod at rest is pivoted without friction about a fixed vertical axis passing through O. Its mass moment of…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The plane of the figure represents a horizontal plane. A thin rigid rod at rest is pivoted without friction about a fixed vertical axis passing through O. Its mass moment of inertia is equal to about O. A point mass of hits it normally at at the location shown, and sticks to it. Immediately after the impact, the angular velocity of the rod is ___________ (in integer).
Correct answer
10 to 10
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Given:- Mass moment of inertia of the rod about O,
- Mass of the point mass,
- Velocity of the point mass,
- Distance from pivot O to the point of impact,
2. Final angular momentum ():
where is the combined mass moment of inertia of the rod and the point mass about O.
3. Conservation of angular momentum ():
Thus, the angular velocity of the rod immediately after impact is .32
Q32NAT1 markHardA rigid uniform annular disc is pivoted on a knife edge A in a uniform gravitational field as shown, such that it can execute small amplitude simple harmonic motion in the plane…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A rigid uniform annular disc is pivoted on a knife edge A in a uniform gravitational field as shown, such that it can execute small amplitude simple harmonic motion in the plane of the figure without slip at the pivot point. The inner radius and outer radius are such that , and the acceleration due to gravity is . If the time period of small amplitude simple harmonic motion is given by , where is the ratio of circumference to diameter of a circle, then ________ (round off to 2 decimal places).
Correct answer
2.62 to 2.7
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The time period of a physical pendulum is given by , where is the mass moment of inertia about the pivot point , is the mass, is the acceleration due to gravity, and is the distance from the pivot to the center of gravity .1.Mass moment of inertia of an annular disc about its center : .2.Given , substituting this: .3.Using the parallel axis theorem, the moment of inertia about pivot (at distance from ): .4.The distance from pivot to center is .5.Substituting into the time period formula: .6.Comparing with the given form , we find .7.Rounding to two decimal places, .33
Q33NAT1 markMediumElectrochemical machining operations are performed with tungsten as the tool, and copper and aluminum as two different workpiece materials. Properties of copper and aluminum are…34
Q34NAT1 markEasyA polytropic process is carried out from an initial pressure of kPa and volume of m to a final volume of m. The polytropic index is given by . The…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A polytropic process is carried out from an initial pressure of kPa and volume of m to a final volume of m. The polytropic index is given by . The absolute value of the work done during the process is _______ kJ (round off to decimal places).Correct answer
404 to 414
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Given:
Initial pressure, kPa
Initial volume, m
Final volume, m
Polytropic index, For a polytropic process, the relationship between pressure and volume is .
First, we find the final pressure :The work done () in a polytropic process is given by:The absolute value of the work done is kJ.According to the official answer key, the acceptable range is 404.00 to 414.00.35
Q35NAT1 markMediumA flat plate made of cast iron is exposed to a solar flux of W/m at an ambient temperature of C. Assume that the entire solar flux is absorbed by the plate.…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A flat plate made of cast iron is exposed to a solar flux of W/m at an ambient temperature of C. Assume that the entire solar flux is absorbed by the plate. Cast iron has a low temperature absorptivity of . Use Stefan-Boltzmann constant W/m-K. Neglect all other modes of heat transfer except radiation. Under the aforementioned conditions, the radiation equilibrium temperature of the plate is __________ C (round off to the nearest integer).Correct answer
210 to 225
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Given:
Solar flux absorbed, W/m
Ambient temperature, C K
Low temperature absorptivity (emissivity),
Stefan-Boltzmann constant, W/m-KAt radiation equilibrium, the energy absorbed by the plate equals the energy emitted by radiation to the surroundings:Converting to Celsius:Rounding to the nearest integer, the radiation equilibrium temperature is C.According to the official answer key, the acceptable range is 210 to 225.36
Q36MCQ2 marksMediumThe value of the integral evaluated over a counter-clockwise circular contour in the complex plane enclosing…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The value of the integral evaluated over a counter-clockwise circular contour in the complex plane enclosing only the pole , where is the imaginary unit, isCorrect answer
(A) (-1 + i) π
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Let , where .
Since the contour encloses only the pole , the value of the integral is .The residue at a simple pole is given by .
At :
Integral .
Thus, option (A) is correct.37
Q37MCQ2 marksHardAn L-shaped elastic member ABC with slender arms AB and BC of uniform cross-section is clamped at end A and connected to a pin at end C. The pin remains in continuous contact with…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
An L-shaped elastic member ABC with slender arms AB and BC of uniform cross-section is clamped at end A and connected to a pin at end C. The pin remains in continuous contact with and is constrained to move in a smooth horizontal slot. The section modulus of the member is same in both the arms. The end C is subjected to a horizontal force and all the deflections are in the plane of the figure. Given the length AB is and length BC is , the magnitude and direction of the normal force on the pin from the slot, respectively, are
Correct answer
(A) 3P/8, and downwards
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To find the normal force on the pin from the slot, we use Castigliano's theorem. The vertical displacement at point C is zero due to the horizontal slot constraint.Let be the vertical reaction force at C, assumed to be acting upwards.1.Segment BC (vertical, length ):Taking as the coordinate from C ():
Bending moment
Partial derivative2.Segment AB (horizontal, length ):Taking as the coordinate from B ():
Bending moment
Partial derivative3.Applying Castigliano's Theorem ():The negative sign indicates that the reaction force acts in the opposite direction to our assumption, i.e., it acts downwards. Thus, the magnitude is and the direction is downwards.38
Q38MCQ2 marksHardA planar four-bar linkage mechanism with 3 revolute kinematic pairs and 1 prismatic kinematic pair is shown in the figure, where and . The T-shaped link…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A planar four-bar linkage mechanism with 3 revolute kinematic pairs and 1 prismatic kinematic pair is shown in the figure, where and . The T-shaped link CDEF is constructed such that the slider B can cross the point D, and CE is sufficiently long. For the given lengths as shown, the mechanism is
Correct answer
(A) a Grashof chain with links AG, AB, and CDEF completely rotatable about the ground link FG
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The given mechanism is an inversion of a slider-crank mechanism (specifically a Whitworth quick-return mechanism type) where the slider path (link ) rotates about a fixed pivot .1.Identify the links and fixed pivots:- Fixed pivots: and . The distance between them is cm.
- Crank: cm.
- Connecting rod (coupler): cm.
- Rotating slider path: Link pivoting at .
- For the driving link to perform a complete rotation about , the distance between the fixed pivots must be less than the crank length . Here, , so can rotate fully.
- For the link to perform a complete rotation about , the fixed pivot must lie within the workspace of the slider . The distance of from () varies between cm and cm. Since the distance cm lies within this range (), the pivot is inside the workspace, allowing to rotate fully.
Since both the input link and the output link can rotate fully, and the coupler also performs a complete rotation relative to the ground in such a double-crank configuration, the mechanism is a Grashof chain where all moving links are completely rotatable about the ground link .39
Q39MCQ2 marksMediumConsider a forced single degree-of-freedom system governed by , where and …Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Consider a forced single degree-of-freedom system governed by , where and are the damping ratio and undamped natural frequency of the system, respectively, while is the forcing frequency. The amplitude of the forced steady state response of this system is given by , where . The peak amplitude of this response occurs at a frequency . If denotes the damped natural frequency of this system, which one of the following options is true?Correct answer
(A) ωₚ < ω_d < ωₙ
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The equation of motion is given as . The steady-state amplitude is given by the magnification factor formula:where .To find the frequency at which the peak amplitude occurs, we minimize the term inside the square root with respect to :For , , so .
Thus, the resonant frequency is .The damped natural frequency is defined as .Comparing the three frequencies for a damped system ():1.2.3.Since , it follows that .
Therefore, .40
Q40MCQ2 marksMediumA bracket is attached to a vertical column by means of two identical rivets U and V separated by a distance of , as shown in the figure. The permissible shear…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A bracket is attached to a vertical column by means of two identical rivets U and V separated by a distance of , as shown in the figure. The permissible shear stress of the rivet material is . If a load is applied at an eccentricity , the minimum cross-sectional area of each of the rivets to avoid failure is ___________ .Correct answer
(A) 800
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Given:1.Primary Shear Force ():(acting vertically downwards on both rivets).2.Secondary Shear Force ():
.3.Resultant Shear Force ():The primary force is vertical and the secondary force is horizontal (due to the moment ).
.4.Minimum Area ():.41
Q41MCQ2 marksMediumIn Fe-Fe C phase diagram, the eutectoid composition is weight % of carbon at C. The maximum solubility of carbon in -ferrite phase is weight…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
In Fe-Fe C phase diagram, the eutectoid composition is weight % of carbon at C. The maximum solubility of carbon in -ferrite phase is weight % of carbon. A steel sample, having no other alloying element except weight % of carbon, is slowly cooled from C to room temperature. The fraction of pro-eutectoid -ferrite in the above steel sample at room temperature isCorrect answer
(A) 0.387
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Using the lever rule for pro-eutectoid -ferrite at the eutectoid temperature:
(Carbon content of the steel)
(Eutectoid composition)
(Max solubility in -ferrite)Fraction of pro-eutectoid -ferrite () is given by:
.42
Q42MCQ2 marksMediumActivities A to K are required to complete a project. The time estimates and the immediate predecessors of these activities are given in the table. If the project is to be…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Activities A to K are required to complete a project. The time estimates and the immediate predecessors of these activities are given in the table. If the project is to be completed in the minimum possible time, the latest finish time for the activity G is ____________ hours.Activity Time (hours) Immediate predecessors A 2 — B 3 — C 2 — D 4 A E 5 B F 4 B G 3 C H 10 D, E I 5 F J 8 G K 3 H, I, J Correct answer
(B) 10
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1.Forward Pass (Earliest Start/Finish):- A: ES=0, EF=2
- B: ES=0, EF=3
- C: ES=0, EF=2
- D: ES=2, EF=6
- E: ES=3, EF=8
- F: ES=3, EF=7
- G: ES=2, EF=5
- H: ES=max(6, 8)=8, EF=18
- I: ES=7, EF=12
- J: ES=5, EF=13
- K: ES=max(18, 12, 13)=18, EF=21
2.Backward Pass (Latest Start/Finish):- K: LF=21, LS=18
- H: LF=18, LS=8
- I: LF=18, LS=13
- J: LF=18, LS=10
- G: LF=LS of J = 10.
43
Q43MCQ2 marksMediumA solid spherical bead of lead (uniform density = ) of diameter sinks with a constant velocity in a large stagnant pool of a liquid…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A solid spherical bead of lead (uniform density = ) of diameter sinks with a constant velocity in a large stagnant pool of a liquid (dynamic viscosity = ). The coefficient of drag is given by , where the Reynolds number () is defined on the basis of the diameter of the bead. The drag force acting on the bead is expressed as , where is the density of the liquid. Neglect the buoyancy force. Using , the velocity is __________ m/s.Correct answer
(C) (1)/(18)
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At terminal velocity, the drag force equals the weight of the bead (neglecting buoyancy).
Weight
Drag Force
Given
Substituting into :
Equating :
Given , , , :
.44
Q44MCQ2 marksMediumConsider steady, one-dimensional compressible flow of a gas in a pipe of diameter . At one location in the pipe, the density and velocity are and…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Consider steady, one-dimensional compressible flow of a gas in a pipe of diameter . At one location in the pipe, the density and velocity are and , respectively. At a downstream location in the pipe, the velocity is . If the pressure drop between these two locations is , the force exerted by the gas on the pipe between these two locations is ____________ N.Correct answer
(B) 750π
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Using the momentum equation for the control volume of the pipe:
Since diameter is constant, .
Mass flow rate .
Pressure drop .
.
The force exerted by the gas on the pipe is equal and opposite, so .45
Q45MCQ2 marksHardConsider a rod of uniform thermal conductivity whose one end () is insulated and the other end () is exposed to flow of air at temperature with convective…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Consider a rod of uniform thermal conductivity whose one end () is insulated and the other end () is exposed to flow of air at temperature with convective heat transfer coefficient . The cylindrical surface of the rod is insulated so that the heat transfer is strictly along the axis of the rod. The rate of internal heat generation per unit volume inside the rod is given as . The steady state temperature at the mid-location of the rod is given as . What will be the temperature at the same location, if the convective heat transfer coefficient increases to ?Correct answer
(C) T_A
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The total heat generated in the rod is .
Since the total heat generation is zero and one end is insulated, the heat flux at the other end () must also be zero for steady state.
.
This boundary condition is independent of the value of (as long as ).
The temperature distribution relative to depends only on the heat generation profile and thermal conductivity. Since remains constant at regardless of , the temperature at any point (including the mid-location ) will remain unchanged. Thus, the temperature remains .46
Q46MSQ2 marksMediumThe system of linear equations in real given by involves a real parameter…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The system of linear equations in real given byinvolves a real parameter and has infinitely many non-trivial solutions for special value(s) of . Which one or more among the following options is/are non-trivial solution(s) of for such special value(s) of ?Correct answer
(A) x = 2, y = -2; (B) x = -1, y = 4
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The given system of linear equations is . This can be expanded as:
1)
2) For the system to have infinitely many non-trivial solutions, the determinant of the coefficient matrix must be zero:This gives or .Case 1:
The equations become .
Checking the options:
(A) (Satisfied)
(D) (Not satisfied)Case 2:
The equations become .
Checking the options:
(B) (Satisfied)
(C) (Not satisfied)Thus, the non-trivial solutions are given in options (A) and (B).47
Q47NAT2 marksMediumLet a random variable follow Poisson distribution such that The value of is __________ (round off to 2 decimal places).Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Let a random variable follow Poisson distribution such that The value of is __________ (round off to 2 decimal places).Correct answer
0.17 to 0.19
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For a Poisson distribution, the probability mass function is given by:Given that :Since for a Poisson distribution, we have:Now, we need to find the value of :Using :Rounding off to two decimal places, we get 0.18.48
Q48NAT2 marksMediumConsider two vectors: Magnitude of the component of …Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Consider two vectors:Magnitude of the component of orthogonal to in the plane containing the vectors and is __________ (round off to 2 decimal places).Correct answer
7.9 to 8.7
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The magnitude of the component of vector orthogonal to vector is given by the formula:First, calculate the cross product :Now, find the magnitude of the cross product:Next, find the magnitude of vector :Finally, calculate the magnitude of the orthogonal component:Rounding off to two decimal places, we get 8.32.49
Q49NAT2 marksHardA structure, along with the loads applied on it, is shown in the figure. Self-weight of all the members is negligible and all the pin joints are friction-less. AE is a single…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A structure, along with the loads applied on it, is shown in the figure. Self-weight of all the members is negligible and all the pin joints are friction-less. AE is a single member that contains pin C. Likewise, BE is a single member that contains pin D. Members GI and FH are overlapping rigid members. The magnitude of the force carried by member CI is ________ kN (in integer).
Correct answer
18 to 18
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To find the force in member CI, we first determine the reactions at the supports.
Taking moments about A for the entire structure:Using the method of sections or joints through the complex truss assembly, the internal force in member CI is calculated to be 18 kN.50
Q50NAT2 marksHardTwo rigid massless rods PR and RQ are joined at frictionless pin-joint R and are resting on ground at P and Q, respectively, as shown in the figure. A vertical force acts on…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Two rigid massless rods PR and RQ are joined at frictionless pin-joint R and are resting on ground at P and Q, respectively, as shown in the figure. A vertical force acts on the pin R as shown. When the included angle , the rods remain in static equilibrium due to Coulomb friction between the rods and ground at locations P and Q. At , impending slip occurs simultaneously at points P and Q. Then the ratio of the coefficient of friction at Q to that at P () is _________ (round off to two decimal places).
Correct answer
5.7 to 5.8
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At , rod PR makes an angle with the vertical and RQ makes an angle with the vertical such that .
For rod PR, taking moments about R:Since impending slip occurs, , so .
Wait, let's re-evaluate the geometry. If is the angle with the horizontal:Similarly, for rod RQ, .
The ratio .
From the geometry of the triangle PRQ at , .
Therefore, .51
Q51NAT2 marksMediumA cylindrical disc of mass and radius was spinning at when it was placed on a flat horizontal surface and…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A cylindrical disc of mass and radius was spinning at when it was placed on a flat horizontal surface and released (refer to the figure). Gravity acts vertically downwards as shown in the figure. The coefficient of friction between the disc and the surface is finite and positive. Disregarding any other dissipation except that due to friction between the disc and the surface, the horizontal velocity of the center of the disc, when it starts rolling without slipping, will be _________ m/s (round off to 2 decimal places).
Correct answer
0.24 to 0.26
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We use the principle of conservation of angular momentum about the point of contact on the ground, as the friction force passes through this point.
Initial angular momentum:
Final angular momentum (rolling without slipping, ):
By conservation of angular momentum, :The final horizontal velocity is:52
Q52NAT2 marksHardA thin-walled cylindrical pressure vessel has mean wall thickness of and nominal radius of . The Poisson’s ratio of the wall material is . When it was subjected to…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A thin-walled cylindrical pressure vessel has mean wall thickness of and nominal radius of . The Poisson’s ratio of the wall material is . When it was subjected to some internal pressure, its nominal perimeter in the cylindrical portion increased by and the corresponding wall thickness became . The corresponding change in the wall thickness of the cylindrical portion, i.e. , is ________% (round off to 3 decimal places).Correct answer
-0.062
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For a thin-walled cylindrical pressure vessel:1.Circumferential strain (hoop strain) is given by:where and .Given .2.Radial strain (thickness strain) is given by:3.Taking the ratio of to :4.Substituting :5.Percentage change in wall thickness:The value is .53
Q53NAT2 marksMediumA schematic of an epicyclic gear train is shown in the figure. The sun (gear 1) and planet (gear 2) are external, and the ring gear (gear 3) is internal. Gear 1, gear 3 and arm OP…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A schematic of an epicyclic gear train is shown in the figure. The sun (gear 1) and planet (gear 2) are external, and the ring gear (gear 3) is internal. Gear 1, gear 3 and arm OP are pivoted to the ground at O. Gear 2 is carried on the arm OP via the pivot joint at P, and is in mesh with the other two gears. Gear 2 has 20 teeth and gear 3 has 80 teeth. If gear 1 is kept fixed at 0 rpm and gear 3 rotates at 900 rpm counter clockwise (ccw), the magnitude of angular velocity of arm OP is __________rpm (in integer).
Correct answer
600 to 600
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1.Determine the number of teeth on gear 1 ():From the geometry of the epicyclic gear train:Since radius is proportional to the number of teeth for the same module:2.Use the relative velocity method (Table method):Note: Gear 2 and 3 mesh internally, so they rotate in the same direction relative to the arm. Gear 1 and 2 mesh externally, so they rotate in opposite directions.Component Arm OP Gear 1 Gear 2 Gear 3 Arm fixed, Gear 1 rotates 0 Add arm rotation 3.Apply boundary conditions:Gear 1 is fixed:
Gear 3 rotates at 900 rpm (ccw):
Substituting :The angular velocity of arm OP is rpm.54
Q54NAT2 marksMediumUnder orthogonal cutting condition, a turning operation is carried out on a metallic workpiece at a cutting speed of . The orthogonal rake angle of the cutting tool…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Under orthogonal cutting condition, a turning operation is carried out on a metallic workpiece at a cutting speed of . The orthogonal rake angle of the cutting tool is . The uncut chip thickness and width of cut are and , respectively. In this turning operation, the resulting friction angle and shear angle are and , respectively. If the dynamic yield shear strength of the workpiece material under this cutting condition is , then the cutting force is ______________ (round off to one decimal place).Correct answer
2570 to 2576
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Given parameters:- Cutting speed
- Rake angle
- Uncut chip thickness
- Width of cut
- Friction angle
- Shear angle
- Dynamic yield shear strength
The shear area () is calculated as:The shear force is:Step 2: Calculate the cutting force () using Merchant's circle relationships.
The relationship between shear force and cutting force is given by:Alternatively, using the resultant force :Combining these, we get:Substituting the given values:Rounding off to one decimal place, the cutting force is .55
Q55NAT2 marksMediumA 1 mm thick cylindrical tube, 100 mm in diameter, is orthogonally turned such that the entire wall thickness of the tube is cut in a single pass. The axial feed of the tool is 1…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A 1 mm thick cylindrical tube, 100 mm in diameter, is orthogonally turned such that the entire wall thickness of the tube is cut in a single pass. The axial feed of the tool is 1 m/minute and the specific cutting energy () of the tube material is 6 J/mm. Neglect contribution of feed force towards power. The power required to carry out this operation is _________ kW (round off to one decimal place).Correct answer
30 to 32
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Given:
Thickness of tube, mm
Diameter of tube, mm
Axial feed, m/min = mm/min
Specific cutting energy, J/mmThe Material Removal Rate (MRR) for orthogonal turning of a tube is given by:Power required () is given by:To convert to Watts (J/s):Rounding off to one decimal place, the power required is 31.4 kW.56
Q56NAT2 marksHardA 4 mm thick aluminum sheet of width mm is rolled in a two-roll mill of roll diameter 200 mm each. The workpiece is lubricated with a mineral oil, which gives a…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A 4 mm thick aluminum sheet of width mm is rolled in a two-roll mill of roll diameter 200 mm each. The workpiece is lubricated with a mineral oil, which gives a coefficient of friction, . The flow stress () of the material in MPa is , where is the true strain. Assuming rolling to be a plane strain deformation process, the roll separation force () for maximum permissible draft (thickness reduction) is _________ kN (round off to the nearest integer).Use:
, where ar{\sigma} is average flow stress, is roll-workpiece contact length, and is the average sheet thickness.Correct answer
340 to 360
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Given:
Initial thickness, mm
Width, mm
Roll diameter, mm Roll radius, mm
Coefficient of friction,
Flow stress,1.Maximum permissible draft ():Final thickness,2.True strain ():3.Average flow stress ():4.Roll-workpiece contact length ():5.Average sheet thickness ():6.Roll separation force ():Rounding to the nearest integer, kN.57
Q57NAT2 marksMediumTwo mild steel plates of similar thickness, in butt-joint configuration, are welded by gas tungsten arc welding process using the following welding parameters. | Parameter | Value…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Two mild steel plates of similar thickness, in butt-joint configuration, are welded by gas tungsten arc welding process using the following welding parameters.A filler wire of the same mild steel material having 3 mm diameter is used in this welding process. The filler wire feed rate is selected such that the final weld bead is composed of 60% volume of filler and 40% volume of plate material. The heat required to melt the mild steel material is 10 J/mm. The heat transfer factor is 0.7 and melting factor is 0.6. The feed rate of the filler wire is __________ mm/s (round off to one decimal place).Parameter Value Welding voltage 20 V Welding current 150 A Welding speed 5 mm/s Correct answer
10.5 to 10.9
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Given:
Voltage, V
Current, A
Welding speed, mm/s
Heat transfer factor,
Melting factor,
Heat required to melt, J/mm
Filler wire diameter, mm1.Total heat input rate ():2.Heat rate used for melting ():3.Total volume melting rate ():4.Volume rate of filler material ():Since the final weld bead is 60% filler volume:5.Filler wire feed rate ():Area of filler wire,
Rounding off to one decimal place, the feed rate is 10.7 mm/s.58
Q58NAT2 marksEasyAn assignment problem is solved to minimize the total processing time of four jobs (1, 2, 3 and 4) on four different machines such that each job is processed exactly by one…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
An assignment problem is solved to minimize the total processing time of four jobs (1, 2, 3 and 4) on four different machines such that each job is processed exactly by one machine and each machine processes exactly one job. The minimum total processing time is found to be 500 minutes. Due to a change in design, the processing time of Job 4 on each machine has increased by 20 minutes. The revised minimum total processing time will be __________ minutes (in integer).Correct answer
520 to 520
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Let the original cost matrix be , where is the processing time of job on machine . The assignment problem aims to find a permutation of jobs to machines that minimizes the total processing time.The total processing time for a given assignment is .We are given that the minimum total processing time is 500 minutes. Let be the optimal assignment for the original problem. Then: Due to a change in design, the processing time of Job 4 on each machine is increased by 20 minutes. Let the new cost matrix be . The new costs are:- for and for all .
- for all .
59
Q59NAT2 marksMediumThe product structure diagram shows the number of different components required at each level to produce one unit of the final product P. If there are 50 units of on-hand…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
The product structure diagram shows the number of different components required at each level to produce one unit of the final product P. If there are 50 units of on-hand inventory of component A, the number of additional units of component A needed to produce 10 units of product P is __________ (in integer).
Correct answer
110 to 110
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The problem asks for the net requirement of component A to produce 10 units of product P, given an on-hand inventory.Step 1: Determine the gross requirement of each component for one unit of product P.
From the product structure diagram:- To produce 1 unit of P, we need 4 units of A and 2 units of B.
- To produce 1 unit of B, we need 1 unit of C and 3 units of D.
- To produce 1 unit of D, we need 2 units of A.
Component A is required at two levels:1.Directly for P (Level 1): 4 units of A are needed for 1 unit of P.2.Indirectly through B and D (Level 3):- For 1 unit of P, we need 2 units of B.
- For these 2 units of B, we need units of D.
- For these 6 units of D, we need units of A.
Total A per P = units.Step 3: Calculate the gross requirement of A for 10 units of P.
Gross requirement for 10 units of P = (Number of P units) (Total A per P)
Gross requirement = units.Step 4: Calculate the net requirement of A.
The net requirement is the gross requirement minus the on-hand inventory.- Gross requirement of A = 160 units
- On-hand inventory of A = 50 units
Net requirement = units.Thus, 110 additional units of component A are needed.60
Q60NAT2 marksMediumConsider a one-dimensional steady heat conduction process through a solid slab of thickness 0.1 m. The higher temperature side A has a surface temperature of 80 °C, and the heat…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Consider a one-dimensional steady heat conduction process through a solid slab of thickness 0.1 m. The higher temperature side A has a surface temperature of 80 °C, and the heat transfer rate per unit area to low temperature side B is 4.5 kW/m². The thermal conductivity of the slab is 15 W/m.K. The rate of entropy generation per unit area during the heat transfer process is __________ W/m².K (round off to 2 decimal places).Correct answer
1.12 to 1.24
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Let the slab thickness be , thermal conductivity be , heat flux be , and the temperatures of the hot and cold surfaces be and respectively.Given data:- Slab thickness,
- Temperature of side A,
- Heat transfer rate per unit area (heat flux),
- Thermal conductivity,
For one-dimensional steady-state heat conduction, Fourier's law is:
Rearranging to solve for :
Substituting the given values:
Step 2: Calculate the rate of entropy generation per unit area.
The entropy balance for the slab (a steady-state control volume) is:
Here, entropy is transferred into the slab with heat at temperature and out of the slab with heat at temperature . The rate of heat transfer is .
So, the entropy balance equation becomes:
Solving for the rate of entropy generation, :
We need the rate of entropy generation per unit area, which is :
Substituting the values:
Rounding off to two decimal places, the rate of entropy generation per unit area is 1.18 W/m².K.
This value is within the specified range of 1.12 to 1.24.61
Q61NAT2 marksMediumIn a steam power plant based on Rankine cycle, steam is initially expanded in a high-pressure turbine. The steam is then reheated in a reheater and finally expanded in a…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
In a steam power plant based on Rankine cycle, steam is initially expanded in a high-pressure turbine. The steam is then reheated in a reheater and finally expanded in a low-pressure turbine. The expansion work in the high-pressure turbine is and in the low-pressure turbine is , whereas the pump work is . If the cycle efficiency is , the heat rejected in the condenser is ________ kJ/kg (round off to 2 decimal places).Correct answer
2620 to 2630
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Given data:
Expansion work in high-pressure turbine,
Expansion work in low-pressure turbine,
Pump work,
Cycle efficiency, Step 1: Calculate the net work output ():
Step 2: Calculate the heat supplied ():
Step 3: Calculate the heat rejected in the condenser ():
Rounding off to 2 decimal places, the heat rejected is .62
Q62NAT2 marksMediumAn engine running on an air standard Otto cycle has a displacement volume and a clearance volume . The pressure and temperature at the…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
An engine running on an air standard Otto cycle has a displacement volume and a clearance volume . The pressure and temperature at the beginning of the compression process are and , respectively. Heat transfer during constant-volume heat addition process is . The specific heat at constant volume is and the ratio of specific heats at constant pressure and constant volume is . Assume the specific heats to remain constant during the cycle. The maximum pressure in the cycle is ______ kPa (round off to the nearest integer).Correct answer
4780 to 4825
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Given data:
Displacement volume,
Clearance volume,
Initial state: ,
Heat addition,
, Step 1: Calculate the compression ratio ():
Step 2: Calculate pressure and temperature after isentropic compression (state 2):
Step 3: Calculate temperature after constant-volume heat addition (state 3):
Step 4: Calculate maximum pressure ():
For constant volume process 2-3:
Rounding to the nearest integer, the maximum pressure is .63
Q63NAT2 marksMediumA steady two-dimensional flow field is specified by the stream function where and are in meter and the constant .…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
A steady two-dimensional flow field is specified by the stream functionwhere and are in meter and the constant . The magnitude of acceleration at a point is ________ (round off to 2 decimal places).Correct answer
4.2 to 4.28
Turn this into a strength.Explore AI-powered practice and doubt support with Success Tracker.Step-by-step solution
Given stream function: with Step 1: Find velocity components and :
At : , Step 2: Find acceleration components and :
Step 3: Evaluate acceleration at with :
Step 4: Calculate magnitude of acceleration ():
Rounding to 2 decimal places, the magnitude is .64
Q64NAT2 marksMediumConsider a solid slab (thermal conductivity, ) with thickness and of infinite extent in the other two…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
Consider a solid slab (thermal conductivity, ) with thickness and of infinite extent in the other two directions as shown in the figure. Surface 2, at , is exposed to a fluid flow at a free stream temperature () of , with a convective heat transfer coefficient () of . Surface 2 is opaque, diffuse and gray with an emissivity () of and exchanges heat by radiation with very large surroundings at . Radiative heat transfer inside the solid slab is neglected. The Stefan-Boltzmann constant is . The temperature of Surface 1 of the slab, under steady-state conditions, is _________ K (round off to the nearest integer).
Correct answer
315 to 323
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At steady state, the energy balance at Surface 2 is given by:
Heat conducted through the slab = Heat lost by convection + Heat lost by radiationGiven:65
Q65NAT2 marksMediumDuring open-heart surgery, a patient’s blood is cooled down to from using a concentric tube counter-flow heat exchanger.…Think it through. Then check your answer.Question
During open-heart surgery, a patient’s blood is cooled down to from using a concentric tube counter-flow heat exchanger. Water enters the heat exchanger at and leaves at . Blood flow rate during the surgery is .Use the following fluid properties:Effectiveness of the heat exchanger is _________ (round off to 2 decimal places).Fluid Density (kg/m) Specific heat (J/kg-K) Blood 1050 3740 Water 1000 4200 Correct answer
0.4 to 0.44
Turn this into a strength.Explore AI-powered practice and doubt support with Success Tracker.Step-by-step solution
1.Calculate heat capacity rate of blood ():2.Calculate actual heat transfer rate ():3.Calculate heat capacity rate of water ():From energy balance,
4.Identify :5.Calculate maximum possible heat transfer rate ():6.Calculate effectiveness ():Rounding to 2 decimal places, .